Electroencephalography of Autoimmune Limbic Encephalopathy

@article{Kaplan2013ElectroencephalographyOA,
  title={Electroencephalography of Autoimmune Limbic Encephalopathy},
  author={Peter W. Kaplan and Raoul Sutter},
  journal={Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology},
  year={2013},
  volume={30},
  pages={490–504}
}
  • P. Kaplan, R. Sutter
  • Published 1 October 2013
  • Medicine, Psychology
  • Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology
Summary: There is an increasing recognition of autoimmune limbic encephalopathy with the hope for earlier diagnosis and expedited and improved treatment. Although antibody testing remains the definitive clinical diagnostic feature, the presentation of a rapid dementia, behavioral changes, and seizures leads to investigation using cerebral imaging, electroencephalography, and cerebrospinal fluid to confirm the diagnosis and also to exclude similar disorders. The electroencephalographer may be… 
View on Wolters Kluwer
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
29 Citations
Background Citations
7

29 Citations

Citation Type

Citation Type

Autoimmune and Inflammatory Encephalopathies
TLDR
Conventional neurological evaluation, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, electroencephalography, and magnetic resonance imaging are still essential means to entertain a correct diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitides and inflammatory encephalopathies.
EEG for Diagnosis and Prognosis of Acute Nonhypoxic Encephalopathy: History and Current Evidence
TLDR
The aim of this review was to provide a comprehensive overview of the current evidence for the diagnostic and prognostic value of EEG in adult intensive care unit patients with acute nonhypoxic encephalopathy.
Autoimmune dementia and encephalopathy.
Factors underlying the development of chronic temporal lobe epilepsy in autoimmune encephalitis
Alpha 3 ganglionic acetylcholine receptor antibody associated refractory status epilepticus
Autoimmune, Infectious, and Metabolic NCSE/NCS
TLDR
CEEG monitoring serves a vital role in spell characterization and identification of seizures and SE and is imperative to diagnose abnormal movements that are associated with such disease states and to differentiate between epileptic and nonepileptic events.
Autoimmune encephalopathies presenting as dementia of subacute onset and rapid progression
The terms autoimmune dementia and autoimmune encephalopathy may be used interchangeably; autoimmune dementia is used here to emphasize its consideration in young-onset dementia, dementia with a…
Autoimmune Epilepsy
The field of autoimmune epilepsy has evolved substantially in the last few decades with discovery of several neural autoantibodies and improved mechanistic understanding of these immune-mediated…
Predictive values and specificity of electroencephalographic findings in autoimmune encephalitis diagnosis
Determinants of cognition in autoimmune limbic encephalitis—A retrospective cohort study
TLDR
Cognitive functioning in ALE does not depend on the AAB status and three linear regression models could not predict verbal and nonverbal learning capacity, but structural mesiotemporal neural network alterations on T2-/fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR)-signal-weighted MRI and mesiotmporal epileptiform discharges or slowing on EEG exerted a significant impact on memory functions.
...
...

References

SHOWING 1-10 OF 100 REFERENCES
The diagnosis and treatment of limbic encephalitis
TLDR
The current literature suggests that LE is not a single disorder but is comprised of a group of autoimmune disorders predominantly affecting the limbic system, and before the diagnosis of LE can be determined, other causes of subacute encephalopathy must be excluded.
Hashimoto encephalopathy in a 15-year-old-girl: EEG findings and follow-up.
EEG Leading to the Diagnosis of Limbic Encephalitis
TLDR
This study describes a 69-year-old man with VGKC-Abs limbic encephalitis with generalized tonic–clonic seizures, increasing memory deficits, visual hallucinations, depression, and severe insomnia, and proposes EEG abnormalities as an additional diagnostic criterion for limbicEncephalitis.
Anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase limbic encephalitis without epilepsy evolving into dementia with cerebellar ataxia.
TLDR
Cerebellar ataxia related to anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies can be observed in patients with limbic encephalitis during the disease course, and this entity can present with only behavioral or neuropsychological symptoms without any epileptic disorder.
Limbic Encephalitis and Variants: Classification, Diagnosis and Treatment
TLDR
Once considered an extremely rare disorder, almost always related to cancer, and refractory to treatment, limbic encephalitis is now regarded as a relatively frequent disorder, often unrelated to cancer and with clinical-immunologic variants that respond to treatment.
Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis: neurological symptoms, immunological findings and tumour association in 50 patients.
TLDR
The combination of symptoms, MRI findings and paraneoplastic antibodies established the diagnosis of PLE in 78% of the patients, and treatment of the tumour appeared to have more effect on the neurological outcome than the use of immune modulation.
Limbic encephalitis not associated with neoplasm as a cause of temporal lobe epilepsy
TLDR
Nonparaneoplastic limbic encephalitis should be included in the differential diagnosis of adult patients with temporal lobe epilepsy, based on clinical features and evidence of an underlying malignancy.
Anti-Hu-associated paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis presenting as rapidly progressive non-convulsive status epilepticus
Limbic encephalitis presenting with seizures, anterograde amnesia, and psychosis in a patient seven weeks status post immature ovarian teratoma removal.
TLDR
A 25-year-old, Hispanic woman presented with seizures, memory loss, and unusual behavioral changes, and the working diagnosis was changed to delirium due to paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis.
Proposition: Limbic encephalitis may represent limbic status epilepticus. A review of clinical and EEG characteristics
...
...