Electroconvulsive therapy increases brain volume in major depression: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

@article{Gbyl2018ElectroconvulsiveTI,
  title={Electroconvulsive therapy increases brain volume in major depression: a systematic review and meta‐analysis},
  author={Krzysztof Gbyl and Poul Videbech},
  journal={Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica},
  year={2018},
  volume={138}
}
The main purpose of this review was to synthesise evidence on ECT's effects on brain's structure. 
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Cortical thickness following electroconvulsive therapy in patients with depression: a longitudinal MRI study
TLDR
This work aimed to examine the effects of ECT on cortical thickness and their associations with clinical outcome and found an increase in hippocampal volume following electroconvulsive therapy.
Hippocampal volume and memory impairment after electroconvulsive therapy in patients with depression
TLDR
It is investigated whether ECT‐induced change in hippocampal volume correlates with memory impairment, and several observations suggest hippocampal alterations may be involved.
Should we stop using electroconvulsive therapy?
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Evidence shows ECT is effective and safe in depression and that adverse side effects can be managed, say Sameer Jauhar and Declan M McLoughlin.
Electroconvulsive treatment prevents chronic restraint stress‐induced atrophy of the hippocampal formation—A stereological study
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is one of the most efficient treatments of major depressive disorder (MDD), although the underlying neurobiology remains poorly understood. There is evidence that ECT…
From molecules to mind: mechanisms of action of electroconvulsive therapy
TLDR
This paper presents a meta-analyses of 124 cases of post-traumatic stress disorder in Scandinavia over a 25-year period from 1991 to 2002, which shows clear patterns of decline in the number of adverse events and in the severity of the incidents.
Association between hippocampal volume change and change in memory following electroconvulsive therapy in late‐life depression
TLDR
This study investigates whether HVC following ECT predicts the change in memory performance six months after the end of the ECT treatment.
Systematic Review of the Neural Effect of Electroconvulsive Therapy in Patients with Schizophrenia: Hippocampus and Insula as the Key Regions of Modulation
TLDR
Preliminary evidence of structural and functional modulation of the hippocampus and insula, functional changes in the DMN, PFC, and thalamostriatal system after ECT in patients with schizophrenia is found.
Brain functional effects of electroconvulsive therapy during emotional processing in major depressive disorder
Brain structural effects of treatments for depression and biomarkers of response: a systematic review of neuroimaging studies
TLDR
The findings show consistently that higher pre-treatment ACC volume is associated with response to AD, ECT and CBT, and underline the potential of brain biomarkers for the implementation in clinical practice as an additive feature within the process of treatment selection.
Gradient of electro-convulsive therapy’s antidepressant effects along the longitudinal hippocampal axis
TLDR
Findings confined to the anterior hippocampus and amygdala are interpreted as additional evidence of the regional specific impact of ECT that unfolds its beneficial effect on depression via the “limbic” system.
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References

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The article to which this erratum refers is published in this issue, Hum Brain Mapp (2008) 29:683–695. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regional brain volumes, diffusivity, and metabolite changes after electroconvulsive therapy for severe depression
TLDR
To investigate the role of hippocampal plasticity in the antidepressant effect of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), a large number of mice were fitted with a hippocampal “spiking” disorder called “ hippocampus-spiking encephalopathy”.
Hippocampal volume in relation to clinical and cognitive outcome after electroconvulsive therapy in depression
TLDR
The aim of this study was to evaluate hippocampal volume up to 1 year after ECT and investigate its possible relation to clinical and cognitive outcome.
The mortality rate of electroconvulsive therapy: a systematic review and pooled analysis
TLDR
Assessment of the mortality rate of ECT by means of a systematic review and pooled analysis finds that ECT remains underutilized because of fears of cognitive and medical risks, including the risk of death.
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Longitudinal MR study of brain structure and hippocampus volume in major depressive disorder
TLDR
A longitudinal MR study of brain structure and hippocampus volume in major depressive disorder finds that hippocampus volume is higher in patients with a history of depression than in those with a clean bill of health.
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Associations between clinical symptoms of depression and the blood flow to specific regions of the brain are explored and the regions‐of‐interest (ROI) method with the functions‐of-interest (FOI) approach is compared.
Electroconvulsive therapy in melancholia: the role of hippocampal neurogenesis
TLDR
The role of hypercortisolaemia in melancholic depression and in experimental hippocampal neurogenesis is emphasized and the effects of electroconvulsive therapy on hippocampal anatomy and function are elucidated.
Hippocampal volume changes following electroconvulsive therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Effect of electroconvulsive therapy on hippocampal and amygdala volumes: systematic review and meta-analysis
Background Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is one of the most effective treatments for depression, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Animal studies have shown that electroconvulsive…
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