Egocentric Biases in Availability and Attribution
@article{Ross1979EgocentricBI, title={Egocentric Biases in Availability and Attribution}, author={Michael W. Ross and Fiore Sicoly}, journal={Journal of Personality and Social Psychology}, year={1979}, volume={37}, pages={322-336} }
Five experiments were conducted to assess biases in availability of information in memory and attributions of responsibilit y for the actions and decisions that occurred during a previous group interaction. The subject populations sampled included naturally occurring discussion groups, married couples, basketball teams, and groups assembled in the laboratory. The data provided consistent evidence for egocentric biases in availability and attribution: One's own contributions to a joint product…
909 Citations
Attributions of Responsibility for Group Tasks : The Egocentric Bias and the Actor-Observer Difference
- Psychology
- 2005
In each of three experiments it was demonstrated that under certain conditions individuals who work on a task in a dyad will tend to attribute greater responsibility for a positive outcome to their…
The spotlight effect in social judgment: an egocentric bias in estimates of the salience of one's own actions and appearance.
- PsychologyJournal of personality and social psychology
- 2000
Evidence is provided that people overestimate the extent to which their actions and appearance are noted by others, a phenomenon dubbed the spotlight effect, and that people appear to anchor on their own rich phenomenological experience and then adjust to take into account the perspective of others.
Language Use and Attributional Biases in Close Personal Relationships
- Psychology
- 1991
Attributional biases in close relationships can take the form of either an actor-observer bias (i. e., attributions to partner dispositions) or an egocentric bias (self-attributions). Hence,…
The scope and generality of self-other asymmetry in person perception
- Psychology
- 1985
The present study was designed to investigate systematically various explanations focusing on information bias, information-processing bias, self-determination, false-consensus bias, quest for…
Did I Do that? Group Positioning and Asymmetry in Attributional Bias
- Psychology
- 2010
A laboratory experiment examined whether one structural feature of groups, members' physical positioning, may produce asymmetry in their perceived contribution to a task. In particular, we…
Beware of samples! A cognitive-ecological sampling approach to judgment biases.
- PsychologyPsychological review
- 2000
A cognitive-ecological approach to judgment biases is presented and substantiated by recent empirical evidence and alternative accounts are offered for a number of judgment biases, such as base-rate neglect, confirmation bias, illusory correlation, pseudo-contingency, Simpson's paradox, outgroup devaluation, and pragmatic-confusion effects.
Biased collective memories and historical overclaiming: An availability heuristic account
- PsychologyMemory & cognition
- 2020
It is suggested that ingroup inflation arises because of retrieval fluency per se, rather than more stable asymmetries in knowledge or event-specific judgments of importance, and some cognitive bases of collective overclaiming and cognitive interventions that might attenuate these biased judgments are suggested.
References
SHOWING 1-10 OF 29 REFERENCES
Attitude and selective learning: where are the phenomena of yesteryear?
- PsychologyJournal of personality and social psychology
- 1967
In 3 experiments, Ss' attitudes on United States involvement in Vietnam were not found to affect learning of relevant propagandistic information, leading to the conclusion that information novelty may enhance learning of propagandisti c information.
The totalitarian ego: Fabrication and revision of personal history.
- Psychology
- 1980
This article argues that (a) ego, or self, is an organization of knowledge, (b) ego is characterized by cognitive biases strikingly analogous to totalitarian information-control strategies, and (c)…
Self-reference and the encoding of personal information.
- PsychologyJournal of personality and social psychology
- 1977
Results indicate that self-reference is a rich and powerful encoding process that appears to function as a superordinate schema that is deeply involved in the processing, interpretation, and memory of personal information.
On the Constructive Theory of Memory
- Psychology, Philosophy
- 1977
For hundreds of years, psychology has pursued the study of its problems in accordance with a particular view of how the human being obtains and represents knowledge of the world. I refer to the…
Effects of attitude on learning and memory: The influence of instruction-induced sets ☆
- Psychology
- 1969
The Structuring of experience
- Psychology
- 1977
1 Praxis and Interaction: The Psychology of J. McVicker Hunt.- 2 General Intelligence (g) and Heritability (H2, h2).- 3 Development of Intelligence: A Multivariate View.- 4 Plasticity and Structure:…
The Yin and Yang of Progress in Social Psychology
- Psychology
- 1976
We describe the current dissatisfactions with the paradigm that has recently guided experimental social psychology—testing of theory-derived hypotheses by means of laboratory manipulational…
The act of discovery.
- Psychology
- 1961
The active participation in the learning process by the child might result in the following hypothesized benefits: an increase in intellectual potency so as to make the acquired information more…