Effects of footwear and strike type on running economy.

@article{Perl2012EffectsOF,
  title={Effects of footwear and strike type on running economy.},
  author={Daniel P. Perl and Adam I. Daoud and Daniel E. Lieberman},
  journal={Medicine and science in sports and exercise},
  year={2012},
  volume={44 7},
  pages={
          1335-43
        }
}
PURPOSE This study tests if running economy differs in minimal shoes versus standard running shoes with cushioned elevated heels and arch supports and in forefoot versus rearfoot strike gaits. METHODS We measured the cost of transport (mL O(2)·kg(-1)·m(-1)) in subjects who habitually run in minimal shoes or barefoot while they were running at 3.0 m·s(-1) on a treadmill during forefoot and rearfoot striking while wearing minimal and standard shoes, controlling for shoe mass and stride… 
View on PubMed
fas.harvard.edu
299 Citations
Highly Influential Citations
32
Background Citations
112
Methods Citations
13
Results Citations
20

299 Citations

Citation Type

Citation Type

Acute effect of different minimalist shoes on foot strike pattern and kinematics in rearfoot strikers during running
TLDR
It appears that minimalist footwear with lower heel heights and minimal shock absorption is more effective in replicating barefoot running.
Redistribution of Mechanical Work at the Knee and Ankle Joints During Fast Running in Minimalist Shoes.
TLDR
Running in minimalist shoes at a fast speed caused a redistribution of work from the knee to the ankle joint, suggesting that runners changing from conventional to minimalist shoes for short-distance races could be at an increased risk of ankle and calf injuries but a reduced risk of knee injuries.
Acute shoe effects on Achilles tendon loading in runners with habitual rearfoot strike pattern.
TLDR
Increased AT force, loading rate, and stress were observed in runners who habitually wear conventional shoes with rearfoot strike patterns when they wore minimalist shoes, and a gradual transition to minimalist shoes is recommended.
Effects of Footwear and Fatigue on Running Economy and Biomechanics in Trail Runners.
TLDR
Findings indicated specific alterations in RE and biomechanics over time during the MS and MSm conditions compared with the TS condition, indicating the occurrence of neuromuscular fatigue.
Rearfoot striking runners are more economical than midfoot strikers.
TLDR
It was showed that habitually rearfoot striking runners are more economical than midfoot strikers, which may explain the differences in running economy.
Lower extremity biomechanical relationships with different speeds in traditional, minimalist, and barefoot footwear.
TLDR
There is a clear influence of footwear, but not speed, on foot strike pattern and speed and footwear predict ankle angles (greater plantarflexion at foot strike) and may have implications for minimalist runners and their risk of injury.
Effect of Minimalist Footwear on Running Efficiency
TLDR
When compared with running in traditional, cushioned shoes, both barefoot (socked) running and minimalist running shoes produce greater running efficiency in some experienced runners, with a greater tendency toward a midfoot or forefoot strike and a shorter ground contact time.
Rocker shoe, minimalist shoe, and standard running shoe: a comparison of running economy.
TLDR
Female runners, who are not experienced in running with the rocker shoes and minimalist shoes, show more energy expenditure during running with a rocker shoe compared with the standard and minimalist running shoes.
Comparison of in-shoe plantar loading forces between minimalist and maximalist cushion running shoes
While several published studies have evaluated the biomechanical responses to minimalist (MIN) footwear, little has been reported on maximalist (MAX) shoes. The purpose of this study was to compare…
Kinematic and kinetic comparison of running in standard and minimalist shoes.
  • R. Willy, I. Davis
  • Computer Science, Medicine
    Medicine and science in sports and exercise
  • 2014
TLDR
Running in a minimalist shoe appears to increase loading of the lower extremity over standard shoe running, bringing into question whether minimal shoes will provide enough feedback to induce an alteration that is similar to barefoot running.
...
1
2
3
4
5
...

References

SHOWING 1-10 OF 39 REFERENCES
Biomechanical and physiological comparison of barefoot and two shod conditions in experienced barefoot runners.
TLDR
The data of this study support the assumption that changes in the foot-ground interface led to changes in running pattern in a group of experienced barefoot runners and the Fivefingers model seems to be effective in imitating the barefoot conditions while providing a small amount of protection.
Effects of shoes and foot orthotics on VO2 and selected frontal plane knee kinematics.
TLDR
It appears that if orthotics do, in fact, improve running economy by improving running mechanics, the amount of improvement is negated by the additional cost of running associated with the mass of the orthotics.
Barefoot-shod running differences: shoe or mass effect?
TLDR
The mechanical modifications of running showed that the main role of the shoe was to attenuate the foot-ground impact by adding damping material which may lead to a decrease of the storage and restitution of elastic energy capacity which could explain the lower net efficiency reported in shod running.
Biomechanical analysis of the stance phase during barefoot and shod running.
TLDR
This study investigated spatio-temporal variables, ground reaction forces and sagittal and frontal plane kinematics during the stance phase of nine trained subjects running barefoot and shod at three different velocities to find sagittal kinematic adaptations between conditions.
Foot strike patterns and collision forces in habitually barefoot versus shod runners
TLDR
Kinematic and kinetic analyses show that even on hard surfaces, barefoot runners who fore-foot strike generate smaller collision forces than shod rear-foot strikers, and this difference results primarily from a more plantarflexed foot at landing and more ankle compliance during impact, decreasing the effective mass of the body that collides with the ground.
Athletic footwear, leg stiffness, and running kinematics.
TLDR
A significant increase in leg stiffness from the barefoot to the "cushioned" shoe condition was noted during hopping, andFootwear influences the maintenance of stiffness in the lower extremity during hopping and joint excursion at the ankle in running.
Oxygen cost of running barefoot vs. running shod.
TLDR
It was concluded that at 70% of vVO (2)max pace, barefoot running is more economical than running shod, both overground and on a treadmill.
Lower Extremity Mechanics in Runners with a Converted Forefoot Strike Pattern
Runners are sometimes advised to alter their strike pattern as a means of increasing performance or in response to injury. The purpose of this study was to compare lower extremity mechanics of…
Walking, running and the evolution of short toes in humans
TLDR
A biomechanical model of toe function in bipedal locomotion is proposed that suggests that shorter pedal phalanges improve locomotor performance by decreasing digital flexor force production and mechanical work, which might ultimately reduce the metabolic cost of flexorforce production during bipedAL locomotion.
Physiological and ergonomics factors in running shoe design.
TLDR
Traction measurements in various types of running shoes and on various surfaces appear adequate for all but running on wet asphalt roads, but future designs should improve traction for those conditions.
...
1
2
3
4
...