Effects of Alterations in Auditory Feedback and Speech Rate on Stuttering Frequency

@article{Kalinowski1993EffectsOA,
  title={Effects of Alterations in Auditory Feedback and Speech Rate on Stuttering Frequency},
  author={Joseph Kalinowski and Joy Armson and Andrew Stuart and Vincent L. Gracco},
  journal={Language and Speech},
  year={1993},
  volume={36},
  pages={1 - 16}
}
This study investigated the effects of altered auditory feedback on stuttering frequency during speech production at two different speech rates. Nine stutterers, who exhibited at least 5% dysfluency during a reading task, served as subjects. They read eight different passages (each 300 syllables in length) while receiving four conditions of auditory feedback: nonaltered, masking, delayed, and frequency altered. For each auditory feedback condition, subjects read at both a normal and a fast rate… 
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Experimental investigation of the effects of frequency-altered auditory feedback on the speech of adults who stutter.
TLDR
A series of single-subject experiments evaluated the effects of frequency-altered auditory feedback (FAF) on the speech performance of four adult males who stutter, finding no consistencies across subjects in responses to FAF.
REDUCTION IN STUTTERING BY DELAYED AND FREQUENCY SHIFTED AUDITORY FEEDBACK : EFFECTS OF ADAPTATION AND SEX DIFFERENCES
Eleven women and eleven men who stutter had to read five text passages, each with non altered, delayed (53 msec) and frequency shifted (-1⁄2 octave) auditory feedback, provided by headphones.…
Effect of single and combined altered auditory feedback on stuttering frequency at two speech rates.
Stuttering amelioration at various auditory feedback delays and speech rates.
  • J. Kalinowski, A. Stuart
  • Linguistics
    European journal of disorders of communication : the journal of the College of Speech and Language Therapists, London
  • 1996
TLDR
Results showed that significant fluency enhancement occurred under DAF at both normal and fast speech rates at all DAF settings, corroborates the notion that a slowed rate of speech is not a necessary antecedent for fluency improvement under conditions of altered auditory feedback.
Effects of altered auditory feedback (AAF) on stuttering frequency during monologue speech production.
Effect of frequency-altered feedback on stuttering frequency at normal and fast speech rates.
TLDR
The effect of the magnitude and direction of the frequency shift of frequency-altered auditory feedback on stuttering frequency at both normal and fast speech rates was determined and the relationship between frequency shifts of less than one-half octave and stuttering amelioration was examined.
Deficit or Difference? Effects of Altered Auditory Feedback on Speech Fluency and Kinematic Variability in Adults Who Stutter.
TLDR
Test whether adults who stutter (AWS) display a different range of sensitivity to delayed auditory feedback (DAF) and whether auditory feedback manipulations can alter speech fluency and kinematic variability in AWS.
An experimental investigation of the effect of altered auditory feedback on the conversational speech of adults who stutter.
TLDR
The results suggest that studies that use standard DAF and FAF settings for all participants are likely to underestimate any AAF effect and it is not yet possible to predict who will benefit from AAF devices in everyday situations and the extent of those benefits.
The effect of fast speech rate on stuttering frequency during delayed auditory feedback.
Fluency effect of frequency alterations of plus/minus one-half and one-quarter octave shifts in auditory feedback of people who stutter.
TLDR
It is suggested that slight alterations in the frequency of auditory feedback of people who stutter are fluency-enhancing.
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