Effectiveness of tiger moth (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae) chemical defenses against an insectivorous bat (Eptesicus fuscus)

@article{Hristov2005EffectivenessOT,
  title={Effectiveness of tiger moth (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae) chemical defenses against an insectivorous bat (Eptesicus fuscus)},
  author={Nickolay I. Hristov and William E. Conner},
  journal={CHEMOECOLOGY},
  year={2005},
  volume={15},
  pages={105-113}
}
Summary.Adult tiger moths exhibit a wide range of palatabilities to the insectivorous big brown bat Eptesicus fuscus. Much of this variation is due to plant allelochemics ingested and sequestered from their larval food. By using a comparative approach involving 15 species from six tribes and two subfamilies of the Arctiidae we have shown that tiger moths feeding on cardiac glycoside-containing plants often contain highly effective natural feeding deterrents. Feeding on pyrrolizidine alkaloid… 
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Feeding on Host Plants with Different Concentrations and Structures of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids Impacts the Chemical-Defense Effectiveness of a Specialist Herbivore
TLDR
The protection against the spider was more effective in adults whose larvae fed on seeds, which had a higher PA concentration than leaves, and the results are partially explained by host plant phylogeny, since PAs of the host plants do have a phylogenetic signal which is reflected in the adult defense.
A phylogenomic analysis of lichen-feeding tiger moths uncovers evolutionary origins of host chemical sequestration.
HPLC-MS Analysis of Lichen-Derived Metabolites in the Life Stages of Crambidia cephalica (Grote & Robinson)
TLDR
Results provide evidence that multiple lichen-derived metabolites are sequestered by C. cephalica; some metabolites are retained through adulthood, and others are lost or modified in earlier life stages.
A preliminary molecular phylogenetic assessment of the lichen moths (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini) with comments on palatability and chemical sequestration
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The results of this study and prior reports in the literature of chemical sequestration and unpalatability are plotted onto the resulting Bayesian inference phylogeny to examine the evolution of chemical defence within Lithosiini.
The interplay between toxin-releasing β-glucosidase and plant iridoid glycosides impairs larval development in a generalist caterpillar, Grammia incorrupta (Arctiidae).
Physiological adaptations of specialized insects to host plant cardenolides
TLDR
It is concluded that D. nerii possesses adaptations which enable it to feed on a cardenolide rich diet other than those previously described in cardenOLide specialised insects, and the discussed other potential resistance mechanisms are discussed.
Performance of secondary parasitoids on chemically defended and undefended hosts
The adaptive function of tiger moth clicks against echolocating bats: an experimental and synthetic approach
TLDR
These findings support the hypotheses that the clicks of arctiid moths are both an active defence (through echolocation disruption) and a reliable indicator of chemical defence against aerial-hawking bats.
Evidence for a deterrent effect of cardenolides on Nephila spiders
Coping with toxic plant compounds--the insect's perspective on iridoid glycosides and cardenolides.
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References

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TLDR
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TLDR
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TLDR
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