Effect of visual and haptic feedback on grasping movements.

@article{Bozzacchi2014EffectOV,
  title={Effect of visual and haptic feedback on grasping movements.},
  author={Chiara Bozzacchi and Robert Volcic and Fulvio Domini},
  journal={Journal of neurophysiology},
  year={2014},
  volume={112 12},
  pages={
          3189-96
        }
}
Perceptual estimates of three-dimensional (3D) properties, such as the distance and depth of an object, are often inaccurate. Given the accuracy and ease with which we pick up objects, it may be expected that perceptual distortions do not affect how the brain processes 3D information for reach-to-grasp movements. Nonetheless, empirical results show that grasping accuracy is reduced when visual feedback of the hand is removed. Here we studied whether specific types of training could correct… 
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On-line visual control of grasping movements
TLDR
It is found that the effects of the visually perturbed grip aperture arose preeminently late in the movement when the hand was in the object’s proximity and the on-line visual feedback assisted both the scaling of the grip aperture to properly conform it to the object's dimension and the transport of the hand to correctly position the digits on the objects’ surface.
Grasping in absence of feedback: systematic biases endure extensive training
TLDR
By intermixing feedback trials with test trials without feedback, this work aimed at maximizing the likelihood that the motor execution of test trials is positively influenced by that of preceding feedback trials, and found that the intermittent presence of feedback trials largely reduced the positioning error of the hand with respect to the object and affected the shaping of the hands before the final grasp, leading to an overall more accurate performance.
Grasping lacks depth constancy in both virtual and real environments.
TLDR
Comparisons of grasping movements performed in three experimental conditions demonstrate that systematic biases in grasping actions are not a prerogative of virtual environments and that the visuomotor system is subject to the same biases affecting perceptual estimates.
How removing visual information affects grasping movements
TLDR
The results show that occluding (part of) the hand’s movement path influences the movement trajectory from the beginning, and indicate that the control mechanisms are more complex than those suggested by current views on grasping.
Grasping movements toward seen and handheld objects
Grasping movements are typically performed toward visually sensed objects. However, planning and execution of grasping movements can be supported also by haptic information when we grasp objects held…
The endless visuomotor calibration of reach-to-grasp actions
TLDR
The visuomotor system appears to be in a constant fine-tuning process which makes the generation and control of grasping movements more resistant to interferences caused by the authors' perceptual errors.
Effects of Sensory Feedback and Collider Size on Reach-to-Grasp Coordination in Haptic-Free Virtual Reality
TLDR
Critically, reach-to-grasp spatiotemporal coordination patterns were robust to manipulations of sensory feedback modality and spherical collider size, suggesting that the nervous system adjusted the reach (transport) component commensurately to the changes in the grasp (aperture) component.
Integration of haptics and vision in human multisensory grasping
TLDR
It is demonstrated that the availability of the haptic positional cue together with the visual cues is sufficient to achieve the same grasping performance as when all cues are available.
Lack of depth constancy for grasping movements in both virtual and real environments.
TLDR
The findings clearly demonstrate that systematic biases in grasping actions are not induced by the use of virtual environments and that action and perception may involve the same visual information, which does not engage a metric reconstruction of the scene.
Coordination of reach-to-grasp in physical and haptic-free virtual environments
TLDR
A novel approach for parsing the reach-to-grasp movement into three phases- initiation, shaping, closure- based on established kinematic variables is demonstrated, and it is demonstrated that the differences in performance between the environments are attributed to the closure phase.
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