Effect of the menstrual cycle phase on post‐operative pain perception and analgesic requirements

@article{Ahmed2012EffectOT,
  title={Effect of the menstrual cycle phase on post‐operative pain perception and analgesic requirements},
  author={A. Ahmed and Fg Khan and M. Ali and F. Haqnawaz and Aamir Hussain and Syed Iqbal Azam},
  journal={Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica},
  year={2012},
  volume={56}
}
Research has shown that menstrual cycle phase may affect pain sensitivity. There is a lack of studies evaluating this effect on post‐operative pain and analgesic needs. 
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Influence of the Menstrual Cycle Phase on Pain Perception and Analgesic Requirements in Young Women Undergoing Gynecological Laparoscopy
The influence of the gonadal hormones on some aspects of the human physiology has been studied with uncertain results. Still a confusion exists in relation to the real effects of the female hormones…
[The influence of the menstrual cycle on acute and persistent pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy].
The Effect of Premenstrual Syndrome and Menstrual Phase on Postoperative Pain
TLDR
The most comfortable postoperative women were those in luteal phase without history of PMS group, and patients with PMS showed less pain and analgesia request in two out of five studied outcomes.
Variations in pain perception during the menstrual cycle: implications for esthetic procedures.
The influence of the menstrual cycle on acute and persistent pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Does the phase of the menstrual cycle really matter to anaesthesia?
TLDR
It is found that literature regarding the phase of the menstrual cycle and the haemodynamic response to intubation, anaesthesia-induced hypnosis and perioperative blood loss is relatively scarce and there is a need to conduct good quality research on these topics.
“The influence of female body mass index, menstrual cycle phase and age on propofol injection pain”
TLDR
Propofol injection pain prophylactic measures should be considered in young females <35 years as they may be more prone to moderate/severe PIP.
Menstruation--still a contraindication to elective surgery?
TLDR
The main conclusion following the systematic review of the literature data is that diagnosis of coagulation factor disturbances should be performed during the menstruation cycle.
The effects of menstrual phase on orthodontic pain following initial archwire engagement.
TLDR
It is suggested that practitioners arrange female patients to receive initial archwire engagement during their follicular phases to relieve orthodontic pain.
Sex differences in pain and opioid mediated antinociception: Modulatory role of gonadal hormones.
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References

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Pain sensitivity in women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder: A preliminary report
TLDR
An impairment in endogenous opioid and/or serotonergic activity during the luteal phase may play a role in the etiology of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PDD).
Effects of Menstrual Cycle on Postoperative Analgesic Requirements, Agitation, Incidence of Nausea and Vomiting after Gynecological Laparoscopy
TLDR
It is suggested that the scheduling of all surgical procedures according to the menstrual phase may serve to reduce the incidence of PONV and metamizol/ondansetron consumption and hospital costs.
Evaluation of menstrual cycle effects on morphine and pentazocine analgesia
Effect of menstrual cycle on the injection pain due to propofol
TLDR
It is concluded that the menstrual phase changes the perception of pain due to propofol injection, which is higher in the lutheal phase than in the follicular phase.
[Perception of ischemic and pressing pain in young women during menstrual cycle. Association with humor and cortisol levels].
TLDR
Analysis of hormonal and subjective variables (POMS) together, associated to detailed characterization of the menstrual cycle suggest that in healthy women with regular menstrual cycles, only subjective variables explained pain perception during late luteal phase of menstrual cycle.
Cyclic effects on experimental pain response in women with temporomandibular disorders.
AIMS Since cyclic effects on experimental pain response in women with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) have not been adequately studied, the aim of this study was to assess variations in…
Plasma β-endorphin, pain thresholds and anxiety levels across the human menstrual cycle
Pain threshold in relation to sex hormones.
TLDR
Pain threshold was observed to be low in oopherectomised females, boys and girls and intermediate in healthy males and high in menstruating females aged 18-21 years.
Changes in temporomandibular pain and other symptoms across the menstrual cycle
Increased Progesterone Production During the Luteal Phase of Menstruation May Decrease Anesthetic Requirement
TLDR
High progesterone levels during the luteal phase might be the cause of decreased anesthetic requirement in women in the follicular phase regarding their anesthetic requirements.
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