Effect of glycogen availability on human skeletal muscle protein turnover during exercise and recovery.

@article{Howarth2010EffectOG,
  title={Effect of glycogen availability on human skeletal muscle protein turnover during exercise and recovery.},
  author={Krista R. Howarth and Stuart M Phillips and Maureen Jane MacDonald and Douglas L. Richards and Natalie A. Moreau and Martin J. Gibala},
  journal={Journal of applied physiology},
  year={2010},
  volume={109 2},
  pages={
          431-8
        }
}
We examined the effect of carbohydrate (CHO) availability on whole body and skeletal muscle protein utilization at rest, during exercise, and during recovery in humans. Six men cycled at approximately 75% peak O(2) uptake (Vo(2peak)) to exhaustion to reduce body CHO stores and then consumed either a high-CHO (H-CHO; 71 + or - 3% CHO) or low-CHO (L-CHO; 11 + or - 1% CHO) diet for 2 days before the trial in random order. After each dietary intervention, subjects received a primed constant… 
View on PubMed
jap.physiology.org
101 Citations
Highly Influential Citations
12
Background Citations
65
Methods Citations
5
Results Citations
1

Figures and Tables from this paper

101 Citations

Low muscle glycogen concentration does not suppress the anabolic response to resistance exercise.

It is concluded that commencing high-intensity REX with low muscle glycogen availability does not compromise the anabolic signal and subsequent rates of MPS, at least during the early (4 h) postexercise recovery period.

Chocolate milk and endurance exercise recovery: protein balance, glycogen, and performance.

The effects of consumption of MILK after endurance exercise on FSR, signaling molecules of skeletal muscle protein turnover, leucine kinetics, and performance measures suggest unique benefits of milk compared with a CHO-only beverage.

Co-ingestion of protein and carbohydrate in the early recovery phase improves endurance performance despite like glycogen degradation and AMPK phosphorylation.

CHO+PROT supplementation during exercise recovery improved subsequent endurance performance relative to consuming CHO only and this improved performance could not be accounted for by differences in glycogen metabolism or anabolic cell signaling, but may be related to differences in nitrogen balance.

Dose-response effects of dietary protein on muscle protein synthesis during recovery from endurance exercise in young men: a double-blind randomized trial

Whole-body net protein balance and dietary protein–derived amino acid incorporation into mitochondrial protein respond to increasing protein intake in a dose-dependent manner and are efficiently digested and absorbed into the circulation.

Low-Carbohydrate Training Increases Protein Requirements of Endurance Athletes.

It is suggested that performing endurance exercise with low-CHO availability increases protein requirements of endurance athletes.

Carbohydrate Metabolism During Exercise

Protein intake in the early recovery period after exhaustive exercise improves performance the following day.

TT and sprint performances were improved 18 h after exhaustive cycling by CHO-PROT supplementation during the first two hours of recovery compared with isoenergetic CHO supplementation, indicating that intake of carbohydrate plus protein after exhaustive endurance exercise more rapidly converts the body from a catabolic to an anabolic state than carbohydrate alone, thus speeding recovery and improving subsequent cycling performance.

Initiating aerobic exercise with low glycogen content reduces markers of myogenesis but not mTORC1 signaling

Starting aerobic exercise with low muscle glycogen does not affect mTORC1 signaling, yet reductions in gene expression of myogenic regulatory factors suggest that muscle recovery from exercise may be reduced.

Co-ingestion of carbohydrate with leucine-enriched essential amino acids does not augment acute postexercise muscle protein synthesis in a strenuous exercise-induced hypoinsulinemic state

Co-ingestion of glucose with LEAAs does not additionally increase MPS under a strenuous exercise–induced hypoinsulinemic state when glucose is co-ingested with a dose of LeAAs that maximally stimulates MPS.

Serum Branched-Chain Amino Acid Metabolites Increase in Males When Aerobic Exercise Is Initiated with Low Muscle Glycogen.

Changing metabolomics profiles indicate a greater reliance on BCAA catabolism for substrate oxidation when exercise is initiated with low glycogen stores, and suggest that exogenous BCAA requirements to optimize muscle recovery are likely greater than current recommendations.
...

References

SHOWING 1-10 OF 22 REFERENCES

Modulation of whole body protein metabolism, during and after exercise, by variation of dietary protein.

The results suggest that leucine oxidation was increased by previous ingestion of an HP diet, attributable to an increase inLeucine availability rather than to a stimulation of the skeletal muscle BCOADH activity.

Effect of initial muscle glycogen levels on protein catabolism during exercise.

  • P. LemonJ. Mullin
  • Medicine, Biology
    Journal of applied physiology: respiratory, environmental and exercise physiology
  • 1980
It was concluded that protein is utilized during exercise to a greater extent than is generally assumed and that under certain conditions protein carbon may contribute significantly to exercise caloric cost.

Influence of muscle glycogen on glycogenolysis and glucose uptake during exercise in humans.

It is indicated that preexercise muscle glycogen availability influences muscle glycogeneolysis, but not glucose uptake, during exercise, as shown in the results.

Whole body leucine metabolism during and after resistance exercise in fed humans.

It is concluded that circuit-set resistance exercise did not affect the measured variables of leucine metabolism, and large errors in calculating leukine oxidation and whole body protein synthesis during resistance exercise can occur if background 13CO2/12CO2 breath enrichment and bicarbonate retention factor changes are not accounted for.

Whole body and plasma protein synthesis in exercise and recovery in human subjects.

In response to exercise, there is a stimulation of the synthesis of some acute phase proteins, which may be a mechanism whereby nitrogen resulting from muscle protein breakdown is spared.

Addition of glutamine to essential amino acids and carbohydrate does not enhance anabolism in young human males following exercise.

The addition of glutamine to a CHO + EAA beverage had no effect on post-exercise muscle glycogen resynthesis or muscle protein synthesis, but may suppress a rise in whole-body proteolysis during the later stages of recovery.

Muscle glycogen content and glucose uptake during exercise in humans: influence of prior exercise and dietary manipulation

The data suggest that pre‐exercise glycogen content may influence glucose uptake during subsequent exercise, however, this is only the case when delivery of substrates and hormones remains constant.

Effect of exercise on protein turnover in man.

Studies of free 3-methylhistidine in muscle, plasma and urine samples suggest that exercise decreases the fractional rate of myofibrillar protein breakdown, in contrast with the apparent rise in whole-body breakdown.

Increased rates of muscle protein turnover and amino acid transport after resistance exercise in humans.

Results indicate that, during recovery after resistance exercise, muscle protein turnover is increased because of an acceleration of synthesis and degradation and a postexercise acceleration of amino acid transport may contribute to the relatively greater stimulation of protein synthesis.

Carbohydrate supplementation, glycogen depletion, and amino acid metabolism during exercise.

It is concluded that CHO loading abolishes increases in branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) oxidation during exercise and that part of the ammonia production during prolonged exercise originates from deamination of amino acids.