Ectopic synaptic ribbons in dendrites of mouse retinal ON- and OFF-bipolar cells

@article{Ishii2009EctopicSR,
  title={Ectopic synaptic ribbons in dendrites of mouse retinal ON- and OFF-bipolar cells},
  author={Masaaki Ishii and Katsuko Morigiwa and M. Takao and Shigetada Nakanishi and Yutaka Fukuda and Osamu Mimura and Yoshihiko Tsukamoto},
  journal={Cell and Tissue Research},
  year={2009},
  volume={338},
  pages={355 - 375}
}
The ectopic distribution of synaptic ribbons in dendrites of mouse retinal bipolar cells was examined by using genetic ablation of metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 6 (mGluR6), electron microscopy, and immunocytochemistry. Ectopic ribbons were observed in dendrites of rod and ON-cone bipolar cells in the mGluR6-deficient mouse but not in those of wild-type mice. The number of rod spherules facing the ectopic ribbons in mGluR6-deficient rod bipolar dendrites increased gradually during… 
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Effects of mGluR6-deficiency on photoreceptor ribbon synapse formation: Comparison of electron microscopic analysis of serial sections with random sections

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Helical Fasciculation of Bipolar and Horizontal Cell Neurites for Wiring With Photoreceptors in Macaque and Mouse Retinas

How these neurites are mutually arranged to coordinate formation and maintenance of the postsynaptic complex of ribbon synapses in mouse and monkey retinas is revealed and novel helical coils of HC processes surrounding the rod BC dendrite are identified.

Functional allocation of synaptic contacts in microcircuits from rods via rod bipolar to AII amacrine cells in the mouse retina

This allocation of RB–AII synaptic contacts may serve as the structural basis for the physiological properties of the AII single‐photon response that include high amplification, local adaptation, and regenerative acceleration.

The TRPM1 Channel Is Required for Development of the Rod ON Bipolar Cell-AII Amacrine Cell Pathway in the Retinal Circuit

It is found that the TRPM1 transduction channel is required for the development of rod bipolar cells and their synaptic formation with subsequent neurons, independently of glutamate transmission.

Nyctalopin is required for localization of the TRPM1 channel to the retinal depolarizing bipolar cell dendrites

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mGluR6 deletion renders the TRPM1 channel in retina inactive.

It is shown that the rod bipolar cells in mGluR6-null mice were hyperpolarized, and it is speculated that, to be constitutively active, TRPM1 channels in ON bipolar cells have to be in a complex, or perhaps require an unidentified factor.

Mechanistic Basis for G Protein Function in ON Bipolar Cells

This chapter presents the evidence that established Gαo, Gβ3, and Gγ13 as Go’s subunits in ON bipolar cells, and indicates that the different subunits also contribute to maintaining the synaptic integrity, at both the molecular and structural levels.

mGlu receptors in the retina

MGluRs appear to play a trophic role in development and after retinal damage, suggesting potential future therapeutic implications and since most of the mGluR subtypes are present in amacrine and ganglion cells that belong to many cell types, the pathways downstream of mGLURs are highly diverse with primarily modulatory effects.

Lack of mGluR6‐related cascade elements leads to retrograde trans‐synaptic effects on rod photoreceptor synapses via matrix‐associated proteins

It is proposed that the mGluR6 macromolecular complex is connected to the presynaptic rod terminal via a protein chain that includes the matrix‐associated proteins, suggesting a retrograde trans‐synaptic effect.

The Transduction Cascade in Retinal ON-Bipolar Cells: Signal Processing and Disease.

Our robust visual experience is based on the reliable transfer of information from our photoreceptor cells, the rods and cones, to higher brain centers. At the very first synapse of the visual…

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