ELIZA—a computer program for the study of natural language communication between man and machine

@article{Weizenbaum1966ELIZAaCP,
  title={ELIZA—a computer program for the study of natural language communication between man and machine},
  author={Joseph Weizenbaum},
  journal={Commun. ACM},
  year={1966},
  volume={9},
  pages={36-45}
}
ELIZA is a program operating within the MAC time-sharing system at MIT which makes certain kinds of natural language conversation between man and computer possible. Input sentences are analyzed on the basis of decomposition rules which are triggered by key words appearing in the input text. Responses are generated by reassembly rules associated with selected decomposition rules. The fundamental technical problems with which ELIZA is concerned are: (1) the identification of key words, (2) the… Expand
View on ACM
web.stanford.edu
1,339 Citations
Highly Influential Citations
114
Background Citations
573
Methods Citations
182
Results Citations
8

1,339 Citations

Citation Type

Citation Type

PiE: programming in eliza
TLDR
This paper proposes a system to assist with program synthesis called Programming in Eliza (PiE), which can automatically synthesize programs from natural language conversations between Eliza and users and is useful for programming in domain-specific languages. Expand
A Dialogue in Natural Language
Like a typical Rogerian therapist, ELIZA tried to get the patient to do the talking by asking the patient questions about the patient’s verbal contributions to the exchange. Conversation partners are… Expand
Automatic SQL Query Formation from Natural Language Query
TLDR
The goal of NLP is to enable communication between people and computers without resorting to memorization of complex commands and procedures. Expand
Introducing the Talk Markup Language (TalkML): Adding a little social intelligence to industrial speech interfaces
TLDR
Talk Markup Language (TalkML) is a draft alternative to VoiceXML that greatly simplifies the scripting of interaction and embraces the intentional nature of language and attending to its social side, and provides default behaviour for the twoVoiceXML grammar exceptions, nomatch and noinput. Expand
ELIZA: cuarenta años de terapias virtuales
Between 1964 and 1965 Joseph Weinzenbaum wrote the fi rst computer program which can converse with its user according to the criteria exposed by Turing in «Computer Machinery and Intelligence»… Expand
From Eliza to Siri and Beyond
TLDR
This paper explains why the task of Natural Language Understanding is so complicated, detailing the linguistic phenomena that lead to the main challenges. Expand
Re-reading ELIZA: Human–machine Interaction as Cognitive Sense-ability
TLDR
A feminist technoecological account of interaction at the ELIZA/user interface is developed and seeks to challenge the dualisms between body/mind, rationality/affectivity, and subject/object, thereby avoiding a reductionist perspective that calls into question the human subject as an autonomous agent. Expand
MUSE: a model to understand simple English
TLDR
Examples are presented to demonstrate how the model interprets text, resolves ambiguities, adds information to memory, generalizes from examples, and performs various actions. Expand
Spoken language systems : beyond prompt and response
TLDR
The architecture of spoken language systems and the components of which they are made are discussed, and both a variety of possible approaches and the particular design decisions made in some systems developed at BT Laboratories are described. Expand
The making and development of Baxter the Empowered Chatbot impered with Machine Intelligence
The creation and analysis of intelligent agents (software and machinery) is called Artifi cial Intelligence. Intelligent machines can do many tasks – from labour work to highly complicated… Expand
...
1
2
3
4
5
...

References

SHOWING 1-7 OF 7 REFERENCES
Computer Simulation of Individual Belief Systems *
In this paper we sketch an attempt at computer simulation of individual belief systems. Although rooted in a series of earlier formulations (Abelson and Rosenberg [1958], 1 Abelson [1959],Rosenberg… Expand
Symmetric list processor
A list processing system in which each list cell contains both a forward and a backward link as well as a datum is described. This system is intended for imbedding in higher level languages capable… Expand
Client-Centered Therapy: Its Current Practice, Implications and Theory
Presenting the non-directive and related points of view in counselling and therapy, Rogers gives a clear exposition of procedures by which individuals who are being counselled may be assisted in… Expand
Natural Language Input for a Computer Problem Solving System
Semiotic relationships in ambiguously stratified bmguage systems
  • Paper presented at Int. Colloq. Algebraic Linguistics and Automatic Theory, Hebrew U. of Jerusalem,
  • 1964
Semiotic relationships in ambiguously stratified bmguage systems. Paper presented at Int. Colloq. Algebraic Linguistics and Automatic Theory
  • Semiotic relationships in ambiguously stratified bmguage systems. Paper presented at Int. Colloq. Algebraic Linguistics and Automatic Theory
  • 1964
COMIT Programndng Manual
  • Client Centered Therapy : Current Practice , Implications and Theory
  • 1951