ECSTACY: A Review of MDMA and MDA

@article{Climko1986ECSTACYAR,
  title={ECSTACY: A Review of MDMA and MDA},
  author={Robert P. Climko and H. Roehrich and Donald R. Sweeney and J Alrazi},
  journal={The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine},
  year={1986},
  volume={16},
  pages={359 - 372}
}
The Drug Enforcement Administration classified the drug methylenedioxymeth-amphetamine, MDMA, also known as Ecstacy, as a Schedule I controlled substance on July 1, 1985. The controversy surrounding the classification of MDMA is related to the question of its efficacy as an adjunct to psychotherapy and the larger issue of how to regulate the production and use of designer drugs. The authors review the literature on MDMA and its predecessor, MDA, a substance that differs from MDMA by one methyl… 
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MDMA (Ecstacy): Useful Information for Health Professionals Involved in Drug Education Programs
  • C. Elk
  • Biology
    Journal of drug education
  • 1996
TLDR
Despite reports of an increase in MDMA usage among adolescents and young adults in the past decade, systematic scientific information concerning MDMA and its effects remains insufficient, thus limiting or eliminating MDMA from inclusion in the drug education curriculum.
An Exploration of the History and Controversies Surrounding MDMA and MDA
  • A. Pentney
  • Psychology
    Journal of psychoactive drugs
  • 2001
TLDR
A look at the history of these compounds suggests that they have the potential to be used safely as psychotherapeutic tools, and that the legal status of MDMA and MDA may be worth reconsidering.
Human Deaths and Toxic Reactions Attributed to MDMA and MDEA
TLDR
MDMA and MDEA are synthetic amphetamine analogues that have received considerable media attention as recreational drugs popular among college students and young professionals and well-documented deaths related to the use of these two drugs are exceptionally rare.
Beyond ecstasy: Alternative entactogens to 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine with potential applications in psychotherapy
TLDR
This review examines the existing literature on a host of entactogenic drugs, which may prove to be useful alternatives to MDMA, paying particularly close attention to any neurotoxic risks, neuropharmacological mechanism of action andEntactogenic commonalities with MDMA.
3,4-Methylenedioxy analogues of amphetamine: Defining the risks to humans
The pharmacology and toxicology of "ecstasy" (MDMA) and related drugs.
  • H. Kalant
  • Medicine, Psychology
    CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne
  • 2001
TLDR
The available evidence does not yet permit an accurate assessment of the size of the problem presented by the use of these drugs, but a detailed review of the literature has revealed over 87 "ecstasy"-related fatalities.
M.D.M.A. (“Ecstasy”); a case of possible drug-induced psychosis
TLDR
A case of prolonged psychosis following brief recreational use of Ecstasy is reported, and it is reported that Ecstasy has been increasingly abused in Dublin in recent years.
Performance Enhancement and Adverse Consequences of MDMA
SUMMARY Since its emergence as a recreational club drug in the 1970s, 3-4 methylenedioxy-methamphetamine's usage, more commonly known as ecstasy or MDMA, has risen rapidly through the 1990s, mainly…
3 , 4-Methylenedioxy analogues of amphetamine : Defining the risks to humans
TLDR
A review examines the relevant human and animal literature to delineate the possible risks MDMA, MDA and MDE engender with oral consumption in humans and the potential for drug–drug interactions associated with acute and chronic use.
Effects of MDMA (‘ecstasy’) on firing rates of serotonergic, dopaminergic, and noradrenergic neurons in the rat
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