EARLY CRUSTAL EVOLUTION OF MARS 1
@article{Nimmo2005EARLYCE, title={EARLY CRUSTAL EVOLUTION OF MARS 1}, author={Francis Nimmo}, journal={Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences}, year={2005}, volume={33}, pages={133-161} }
▪ Abstract The bulk of the ∼50-km-thick Martian crust formed at ∼4.5 Gyr B.P., perhaps from a magma ocean. This crust is probably a basaltic andesite or andesite and is enriched in incompatible and heat-producing elements. Later additions of denser basalt to the crust were volumetrically minor, but resurfaced significant portions of the Northern hemisphere. A significant fraction of the total thickness of the crust was magnetized prior to 4 Gyr B.P., with the magnetization later selectively…
223 Citations
Long-Term Evolution of the Martian Crust-Mantle System
- Geology
- 2013
Lacking plate tectonics and crustal recycling, the long-term evolution of the crust-mantle system of Mars is driven by mantle convection, partial melting, and silicate differentiation. Volcanic…
Hemispheric Dichotomy in Lithosphere Thickness on Mars Caused by Differences in Crustal Structure and Composition
- Geology
- 2018
Estimates of the Martian elastic lithosphere thickness suggest small values of ∼25 km during the Noachian for the southern hemisphere and a large present‐day difference below the two polar caps (≥300…
An alternative mechanism for recent volcanism on Mars
- Geology
- 2007
Images of the Martian surface indicate that volcanism is a recent process on Mars with ages of the youngest lava flows of about 2 Ma. Interestingly, these young lava flows are confined to the large,…
The Thermo‐Chemical Evolution of Mars With a Strongly Stratified Mantle
- Geology, PhysicsJournal of Geophysical Research: Planets
- 2021
The Martian mantle probably experienced an early global magma ocean stage. The crystallization and the fractionation and overturn of such a magma ocean likely led to the formation of a…
A hybrid origin of the Martian crustal dichotomy: Degree-1 convection antipodal to a giant impact
- GeologyEarth and Planetary Science Letters
- 2018
Hemispheres Apart: The Crustal Dichotomy on Mars
- Geology
- 2007
The hemispheric dichotomy is a fundamental feature of Mars, expressed by a physiographic and geologic divide between the heavily cratered southern highlands and the relatively smooth plains of the…
References
SHOWING 1-10 OF 158 REFERENCES
Crustal heat production and the thermal evolution of Mars
- Geology
- 2001
The chemical composition of soils and rocks from the Pathfinder site and Phobos‐2 orbital gamma‐ray spectroscopy indicate that the Martian crust has a bulk composition equivalent to large‐ion…
Thermal and crustal evolution of Mars
- Geology
- 2002
[1] We present a coupled thermal-magmatic model for the evolution of Mars' mantle and crust that may be consistent with estimates of the average crustal thickness and crustal growth rate. By coupling…
Magma ocean fractional crystallization and cumulate overturn in terrestrial planets: Implications for Mars
- Geology, Physics
- 2003
Abstract— Crystallization of a magma ocean on a large terrestrial planet that is significantly melted by the energy of accretion may lead to an unstable cumulate density stratification, which may…
Origin of the Martian global dichotomy by crustal thinning in the late Noachian or early Hesperian
- Geology
- 1990
The marked dichotomy in topography, surface age, and crustal thickness between the northern lowland and southern upland of Mars has been explained as due to an initially inhomogeneous crust, a single…
Distribution of crustal magnetic fields on Mars: Shock effects of basin‐forming impacts
- Geology
- 2003
Crustal magnetic fields on Mars are inhomogeneously distributed with the strongest fields occurring over the southern highlands in a longitude sector between approximately 130°E and 240°E. Using…
Internal structure and early thermal evolution of Mars from Mars Global Surveyor topography and gravity.
- GeologyScience
- 2000
The strength of the lithosphere beneath the ancient southern highlands suggests that the northern hemisphere was a locus of high heat flow early in martian history and the thickness of the elastic lithosphere increases with time of loading in the northern plains and Tharsis.
Large‐ion lithophile element fractionation during the early differentiation of Mars and the composition of the martian primitive mantle
- Geology
- 2003
Abstract— Basaltic shergottites display a systematic decrease in K/Th, K/U, and K/La ratios with increasing K content. These trends are interpreted as mixing lines between relatively young martian…
Melting in the martian mantle: Shergottite formation and implications for present‐day mantle convection on Mars
- Geology
- 2002
Abstract— Radiometric age dating of the shergottite meteorites and cratering studies of lava flows in Tharsis and Elysium both demonstrate that volcanic activity has occurred on Mars in the…