Dysbiosis of the faecal microbiota in patients with Crohn's disease and their unaffected relatives

@article{Joossens2011DysbiosisOT,
  title={Dysbiosis of the faecal microbiota in patients with Crohn's disease and their unaffected relatives},
  author={Marie Joossens and Geert R. B. Huys and Margo Cnockaert and Vicky De Preter and K. Verbeke and Paul J. Rutgeerts and Peter A. Vandamme and S{\'e}verine Vermeire},
  journal={Gut},
  year={2011},
  volume={60},
  pages={631 - 637}
}
Background and aims A general dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota has been established in patients with Crohn's disease (CD), but a systematic characterisation of this dysbiosis is lacking. Therefore the composition of the predominant faecal microbiota of patients with CD was studied in comparison with the predominant composition in unaffected controls. Whether dysbiosis is present in relatives of patients CD was also examined. Methods Focusing on families with at least three members… 
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Siblings of patients with Crohn’s disease exhibit a biologically relevant dysbiosis in mucosal microbial metacommunities
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Individual with elevated CD-risk display mucosal dysbiosis characterised by reduced diversity of core microbiota and lower abundance of F. prausnitzii, which implicates microbiological processes in CD pathogenesis.
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Microbial imbalance and low abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria, including Bifidobacterium adolescentis, may suggest benefits of microbial modification therapy and reduced diversity and dysbiosis at the earliest stage of the disease are highlighted.
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The distinct features of microbial ‘dysbiosis’ of Crohn’s disease do not occur to the same extent in their unaffected, genetically-linked kindred
TLDR
While some alterations were observed, a distinct microbial ‘dysbiosis’, characteristic of CD patients, was not observed in their unaffected, genetically linked kindred.
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The results showed that UC and CD are two distinct subtypes of IBD at the microbiome level, and for the first time, microbiomarkers to discriminate between CD and non-CD independently of geographical regions are proposed.
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Altered intestinal microbiota and blood T cell phenotype are shared by patients with Crohn's disease and their unaffected siblings
TLDR
Healthy siblings of patients with CD manifest immune and microbiological abnormalities associated with CD distinct from their genotype-related risk and provide an excellent model in which to investigate early CD pathogenesis.
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The gluten-free diet lasting at least two years did not completely restore the microbiota and the metabolome of CD children, and the levels of volatile organic compounds and free amino acids in faecal and or urine samples were markedly affected by CD.
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Investigating the composition of gut microbiota of active treatment-naïve adult CD patients, with miRNA profile from gut microbiota finds changes in microbial function in active non-treated CD subjects and three miRNAs in affected vs non-affected mucosa have been found.
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