Dissociation of processes in belief: Source recollection, statement familiarity, and the illusion of truth

@article{Begg1992DissociationOP,
  title={Dissociation of processes in belief: Source recollection, statement familiarity, and the illusion of truth},
  author={Ian Maynard Begg and Ann P. Anas and Suzanne Farinacci},
  journal={Journal of Experimental Psychology: General},
  year={1992},
  volume={121},
  pages={446-458}
}
This article reports 4 experiments concerning the effect of repetition on rated truth (the illusory truth effect). Statements were paired with differentially credible sources (true vs. false). Old trues would be rated true on 2 bases, source recollection and statement familiarity. Old falses, however, would be rated false if sources were recollected, leaving the unintentional influence of familiarity as their only basis for being rated true. Even so, falses were rated truer than new statements… 
View via Publisher
psychology.mcmaster.ca
498 Citations
Highly Influential Citations
28
Background Citations
119
Methods Citations
18
Results Citations
22

Tables from this paper

498 Citations

Fluency, Familiarity, Aging, and the Illusion of Truth
  • Colleen M. Parks, J. Toth
  • Psychology
    Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition
  • 2006
TLDR
Results showed only small effects of perceptual fluency on rated truth or familiarity, while manipulating conceptual fluency via semantic/textual context had much larger effects on ratedtruth and familiarity.
The power of the truth bias: False information affects memory and judgment even in the absence of distraction
Truth-bias is the tendency to believe information whether or not it is true. According to a prominent account, this tendency results from limited cognitive resources. We presented participants true…
Repetition increases Perceived Truth even for Known Falsehoods
Repetition increases belief in false statements. This illusory truth effect occurs with many different types of statements (e.g., trivia facts, news headlines, advertisements), and even occurs when…
Validity judgments of rumors heard multiple times: the shape of the truth effect
Abstract Research on the illusory truth effect has found that repeated presentation of uncertain statements increases validity judgments of those statements. Three experiments explored the shape of…
The informative value of type of repetition: Perceptual and conceptual fluency influences on judgments of truth
Unwanted Beliefs: Age Differences in Beliefs of False Information
Two experiments were conducted to test the Spinozan model of believing. Because of their reduced cognitive resources, older adults were predicted to be more likely than young adults to believe false…
Are covert verbal responses mediating false implicit memory?
TLDR
The study replicates and extends findings of false implicit memory to the anagram task and suggests that future studies should examine the role of covert verbal responses in producingfalse implicit memory.
Remembering makes evidence compelling: retrieval from memory can give rise to the illusion of truth.
TLDR
It is concluded that memory retrieval is a powerful method for increasing the perceived validity of statements (and subsequent illusion of truth) and that the illusion oftruth is a robust effect that can be observed even without directly polling the factual statements in question.
Hearing a statement now and believing the opposite later
On Known Unknowns: Fluency and the Neural Mechanisms of Illusory Truth
TLDR
This work scans participants with fMRI while they rated the truth of unknown statements, and the only brain region that showed an interaction between repetition and ratings of perceived truth was PRC, where activity increased with truth ratings for repeated, but not for new, statements.
...
...

References

SHOWING 1-10 OF 54 REFERENCES
Illusions of immediate memory: evidence of an attributional basis for feelings of familiarity and perceptual quality
Frequency and the Conference of Referential Validity.
Implicit memory. Retention without remembering.
TLDR
The article reviews research on the relation between explicit and implicit memory and argues that many dissociations can be understood by appealing to general principles that apply to both implicit and explicit tests.
A process dissociation framework: Separating automatic from intentional uses of memory
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory
People are often overconfident in evaluating the correctness of their knowledge. The present studies investigated the possibility that assessment of confidence is biased by attempts to justify one's…
Unconscious influences of memory: Dissociations and automaticity.
Illusory correlation in observational report.
Unconscious Influences of Memory for a Prior Event
TLDR
This work presents experiments in which memory used as a tool enhances perception, lowers the subjective experience of background noise, increases the fame of nonfamous names, and lowers estimates of the difficulty of anagrams.
How mental systems believe.
Is there a difference between believing and merely understanding an idea?Descartes thought so. He considered the acceptance and rejection of an idea to be alternative outcomes of an effortful…
Memory influences subjective experience: Noise judgments.
The influence of memory on the subjective experience of later events was investigated in two experiments. In one experiment, previously heard sentences and new sentences were presented against a…
...
...