Dissemination of SIV after rectal infection preferentially involves paracolic germinal centers.

@article{CoudelCourteille1999DisseminationOS,
  title={Dissemination of SIV after rectal infection preferentially involves paracolic germinal centers.},
  author={Anne Cou{\"e}del-Courteille and Cécile Butor and V{\'e}ronique Juillard and Jean Gérard Guillet and Alain Venet},
  journal={Virology},
  year={1999},
  volume={260 2},
  pages={
          277-94
        }
}
Homosexual transmission remains a major mode of contamination in developed countries. Early virological and immunological events in lymphoid tissues are known to be important for the outcome of HIV infections. Little data are available, however, on viral dissemination during primary rectal infection. We therefore studied this aspect of rectal infection in rhesus macaques inoculated with the biological isolate SIVmac251. We show that infection is established initially in lymph nodes draining the… 
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Rapid Dissemination of SIV Follows Multisite Entry after Rectal Inoculation
TLDR
Investigation of the early steps of rectal infection in rhesus macaques inoculated with the pathogenic isolate SIVmac251 and necropsied four hours to nine days later found rapid SIV entry and dissemination is consistent with trans-epithelial transport.
Lymphatic Dissemination of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus after Penile Inoculation
TLDR
By day 7 after penile inoculation, SIV has moved first to the inguinal lymph nodes and replicates to high levels, and the stepwise pattern of virus replication and dissemination described here suggests that vaccine-elicited immune responses in the genital lymph nodes could help prevent infection afterPenile SIV challenge.
Early immunologic events in mucosal and systemic lymphoid tissues after intrarectal inoculation with simian immunodeficiency virus.
TLDR
It is suggested that, after intrarectal inoculation with SIV, early activation occurs within the monocyte lineage cell population at immunologic inductive sites, which is followed by a loss of CD4(+) T cells at local and distant mucosal effector sites.
Delayed viral replication and CD4(+) T cell depletion in the rectosigmoid mucosa of macaques during primary rectal SIV infection.
Barriers to mucosal transmission of immunodeficiency viruses.
TLDR
The biology of and barriers to establishment of systemic, disseminated productive infection with HIV after sexual exposure are described and the possible mechanisms leading to infection by a single viral variant are discussed.
Rapid dissemination of a pathogenic simian/human immunodeficiency virus to systemic organs and active replication in lymphoid tissues following intrarectal infection.
TLDR
Results show that the virus spread quickly to systemic tissues after mucosal transmission, and infectious virus was actively produced in the lymphoid tissues, but levels decreased significantly after the peak of viraemia in the intestinal tract.
Early Pathogenesis of Transmucosal Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
TLDR
It is indicated that FIV crosses mucous membranes within hours after exposure and rapidly traffics via dendritic and T cells to systemic lymphoid tissues, a pathway similar to that thought to occur in the initial phase of infection by the human and simian immunodeficiency viruses.
Viral load in tissues during the early and chronic phase of non‐pathogenic SIVagm infection
TLDR
Results indicate a rapid dissemination of SIVagm into lymphoid tissues, including the small intestine, which most likely contributes significantly to the high levels of viremia observed during Sivagm infection.
Systemic and intestinal immune responses to HIV-2287 infection in Macaca nemestrina.
TLDR
Results underscore the suitability of the acutely pathogenic HIV-2(287)--Macaca nemestrina model for pathogenicity studies as well as the importance of the intestinal lymphoid tissues as an initial site of virus replication and cell destruction during the acute, asymptomatic stage of AIDS development.
Genetic similarity of circulating and small intestinal virus at the end stage of acute pathogenic simian-human immunodeficiency virus infection
TLDR
The results suggest that macrophages of the small intestine and/or mesenteric lymph node are the major virus production site at the end stage of SHIV infection of macaques.
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