Disposition kinetics and effects of intravenous nicotine

@article{Rosenberg1980DispositionKA,
  title={Disposition kinetics and effects of intravenous nicotine},
  author={Jon Rosenberg and Neal L. Benowitz and Peyton Jacob and Kenneth M. Wilson},
  journal={Clinical Pharmacology \& Therapeutics},
  year={1980},
  volume={28},
  url={https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10531903}
}
It is unlikely that the effects of smoking a cigarette differ as a function of urinary pH, as shown in subjects given intravenously during acid and alkaline urine conditions, and with repeated injections tolerance to these effects developed rapidly.
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Kinetics of cotinine after oral and intravenous administration to man

Cotinine, the main metabolite of nicotine, was administered intravenously to healthy male non-smoking volunteers in doses of 5, 10 and 20 mg, and orally in dose-independent half-life of 12.2 h and mean urinary recovery and renal clearance were almost identical with the values after iv administration.

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The increase in clearance of nicotine after brief abstinence suggests that nicotine or its metabolites or another component of cigarette smoke inhibits nicotine metabolism in smokers.

Food and nicotine metabolism

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Chronic and, to a lesser extent, acute tolerance to HR effects of nicotine are demonstrated and it is suggested that both may be dose dependent.

A clinical pharmacological study of subcutaneous nicotine

The stable isotope-labeled compound 3',-3'-dideuteronicotine (nicotine-d2) was used to investigate the disposition kinetics and effects of nicotine administered subcutaneously to 6 smokers, and bioavailability appears to be approximately 100%.

Effect of cimetidine and ranitidine on the hepatic and renal elimination of nicotine in humans

The results suggest that the diminished nicotine total clearance in the presence of cimetidine could be important in assisting smoking reduction or cessation.
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14 References

Absorption and metabolism of nicotine from cigarettes.

Eight men volunteers each smoked a single cirgarette containing 14C-nicotine and gave arterial blood samples during and for 50 minutes after smoking, finding the peak arterial nicotine concentrations bore a similar relationship to the intravenous dose, as did the peak nicotine concentrations to the retained doses during smoking.

EFFECT OF URINARY pH AND NICOTINE EXCRETION RATE ON PLASMA NICOTINE DURING CIGARETTE SMOKING AND CHEWING NICOTINE GUM

Although absorption was slower, plasma levels comparable to cigarette smoking were built up on 4 mg (but not 2 mg) nicotine gum and the rate of urinary nicotine excretion appeared to have little effect on the plasma level.

The effect of smoking on nicotine metabolism in vivo in man

The results show sex dependent metabolism of nicotine occurs in non‐smoking humans and that smoking causes alterations in nicotine metabolism.

Cigarette Smoking and Plasma Levels of Nicotine

Improved the method by using the newly developed alkali flame ionization detector6 (AFID) with the gas-liquid chromatograph (GLC) so that it is sensitive to 1 ng/ml of nicotine in a 2.5 ml.

A possible relation between pKa1 and lipid solubility and the amounts excreted in urine of some tobacco alkaloids given to man

Correlations of pKa1 and lipid solubility and the urinary excretion of these compounds were made and more nornicotine and anabasine than their corresponding tertiary amines nicotine and methylanabAsine were excreted unchanged in the urine.

Plasma nicotine levels after cigarette smoking and chewing nicotine gum.

Although plasma nicotine levels equivalent to those following cigarette smoking may be obtained by chewing at least 10 pieces of 4-mg nicotine gum daily, the slower rate of absorption may limit its therapeutic value as a substitute for cigarette smoking.

Norepinephrine and epinephrine release and adrenergic mediation of smoking-associated hemodynamic and metabolic events.

Since significant smoking-associated increments, in pulse rate, blood pressure and blood lactate/pyruvate ratio, preceded measurable increments in plasma catecholamine concentrations, but were adrenergically mediated, these changes should be attributed to norepinephrine released locally from adrenergic axon terminals within the tissues rather than to increments in circulating catechlamines.

Plasma nicotine levels after smoking cigarettes with high, medium, and low nicotine yields.

The findings suggest that the plasma nicotine level just after a cigarette depends more on the way the cigarette is smoked than on its nicotine yield or the number which have been smoked over the preceding few hours.

A rapid gas‐liquid chromatographic estimation of nicotine in biological fluids

A rapid gas‐liquid chromatographic method for the estimation of nicotine in plasma is described which enables concentrations of 0.1 ng ml−1 nicotine to be measured and is thus possible to measure Nicotine in plasma and urine samples from non‐smokers.

Self-administration of abused substances: methods for study. Introduction and implications.

Demonstration of across species and across drug generality suggests that common processes may underlie various aspects of drug self-administration, and supports the supposition of a generalized behavioral phenomenon of substance self-Administration.