Direct observation of zitterbewegung in a Bose–Einstein condensate

@article{LeBlanc2013DirectOO,
  title={Direct observation of zitterbewegung in a Bose–Einstein condensate},
  author={Lindsay J. LeBlanc and Matthew C. Beeler and Karina Jim{\'e}nez-Garc{\'i}a and Abigail R. Perry and Seiji Sugawa and R. A. Williams and I. B. Spielman},
  journal={New Journal of Physics},
  year={2013},
  volume={15}
}
Zitterbewegung, a force-free trembling motion first predicted for relativistic fermions like electrons, was an unexpected consequence of the Dirac equation's unification of quantum mechanics and special relativity. Though the oscillatory motion's large frequency and small amplitude have precluded its measurement with electrons, zitterbewegung is observable via quantum simulation. We engineered an environment for 87Rb Bose–Einstein condensates where the constituent atoms behaved like… 
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The effects of an external magnetic field on ZB using monolayer graphene as an example and various simulations of the trembling motion in a vacuum and in semiconductors are reviewed.