Differential contributions of theobromine and caffeine on mood, psychomotor performance and blood pressure

@article{Mitchell2011DifferentialCO,
  title={Differential contributions of theobromine and caffeine on mood, psychomotor performance and blood pressure},
  author={Ellen Siobhan Mitchell and Marieke Slettenaar and Nosheen Meer and Catherine Transler and Linda A.W. Jans and Frits Quadt and Michael W. Berry},
  journal={Physiology \& Behavior},
  year={2011},
  volume={104},
  pages={816-822}
}
View on Elsevier
doi.org
93 Citations
Highly Influential Citations
3
Background Citations
41
Methods Citations
1
Results Citations
7

Figures and Tables from this paper

93 Citations

Effects of Theobromine and Caffeine on Mood and Vigilance

TLDR
Findings indicate theobromine does not influence mood and vigilance when administered in nutritionally relevant doses, despite sharing many of caffeine’s structural characteristics.

Psychopharmacology of theobromine in healthy volunteers

TLDR
It is concluded that theobromine at normal intake ranges may contribute to the positive effects of chocolate, but at higher intakes, effects become negative.

Ergogenic Effects of Intake of Salbutamol, Caffeine and Theobromine on Non-Asthmatic Subjects

TLDR
Overall, salbutamol, the intake of which is restricted by WADA, did not have an ergogenic effect on athletes, while caffeine and theobromine, the usage of which are not controlled at all in sports competitions, had a performance enhancing effect on Athletes, according to the results.

More than just caffeine: psychopharmacology of methylxanthine interactions with plant-derived phytochemicals

Exploring cocoa properties: is theobromine a cognitive modulator?

TLDR
The conceivable action of theobromine alone and associated with caffeine or other cocoa constituents on cognitive modulation is yet underexplored and future studies are needed to shed light on this promising molecule.

Theobromine, caffeine, and theophylline metabolites in human plasma and urine after consumption of soluble cocoa products with different methylxanthine contents

Methylxanthines enhance the effects of cocoa flavanols on cardiovascular function: randomized, double-masked controlled studies.

TLDR
A substantial interaction between cocoa flavanols and methylXanthines exists at the level of absorption, in which the methylxanthines mediate an increased plasma concentration of (-)-epicatechin metabolites that coincides with enhanced vascular effects commonly ascribed to cocoa flavanol intake.

Acute effects of brewed cocoa consumption on attention, motivation to perform cognitive work and feelings of anxiety, energy and fatigue: a randomized, placebo-controlled crossover experiment

TLDR
Brewed cocoa can acutely reduce errors associated with attention in the absence of changes in either perceived motivation to perform cognitive tasks or feelings of energy and fatigue, and Supplemental caffeine in brewed cocoa can enhance aspects of attention.

The relevance of theobromine for the beneficial effects of cocoa consumption

TLDR
Theobromine, which is found in higher amounts than caffeine, seems to be behind several effects attributed to cocoa intake, and deserves attention as one of the most attractive molecules in cocoa.

Behavioural effects of compounds co-consumed in dietary forms of caffeinated plants

TLDR
It is highlighted that more research aimed at understanding the effects of these compounds is needed and, more importantly, the synergistic relationship that they may have with caffeine.
...

References

SHOWING 1-10 OF 36 REFERENCES

Time for tea: mood, blood pressure and cognitive performance effects of caffeine and theanine administered alone and together

TLDR
Evidence suggests that theanine is a physiologically and behaviourally active compound and, while it is unclear how its effects might explain perceived differences between tea and coffee, evidence suggests that it may be useful for reducing raised blood pressure.

Reinforcing effects of caffeine and theobromine as found in chocolate

TLDR
Methylxanthines in amounts found in 50-g chocolate may well contribute to the authors' liking for chocolate, especially to the more acquired taste for dark chocolate.

Methylxanthines are the psycho-pharmacologically active constituents of chocolate

TLDR
A normal portion of chocolate exhibits psychopharmacological activity, and the identical profile of effects exerted by cocoa powder and its methylxanthine constituents shows this activity to be confined to the combination of caffeine and theobromine.

Discriminative stimulus and subjective effects of theobromine and caffeine in humans

TLDR
It is suggested that commonly consumed cocoa products contain behaviorally active doses of caffeine and possibly theobromine, as well as other drugs, which are known to produce discriminative effects in humans.

Differential effects of methylxanthines on local cerebral blood flow and glucose utilization in the conscious rat

TLDR
Theobromine, a substance with less significant adenosine antagonist properties, had minimal effects on local cerebral blood flow and glucose utilization at a dose of 1.6 μmol/kg/min i.v, which may provide supportive evidence for the hypothesis thatAdenosine plays an important role in cerebral bloodflow-metabolism coupling.

Association between ADORA2A and DRD2 Polymorphisms and Caffeine-Induced Anxiety

TLDR
Ass associations between self-reported anxiogenic effects of caffeine and variation in the genes for A2A (ADORA2A) and DRD2 (DRD2) receptors are examined to provide support for an association between an ADORA 2A polymorphism and self- reported anxiety after a moderate dose of caffeine.

Behavioral effects of cocoa and its main active compound theobromine: evaluation by ambulatory activity and discrete avoidance in mice.

  • H. KuribaraS. Tadokoro
  • Chemistry, Biology
    Arukoru kenkyu to yakubutsu izon = Japanese journal of alcohol studies & drug dependence
  • 1992
TLDR
The present results indicate that the CNS action of theobromine may be received through consumption of the Obromine-containing foodstuffs or beverages in the authors' every day life.

Absorption rate of methylxanthines following capsules, cola and chocolate

TLDR
The results suggest that a usual dietary portion of the cola or chocolate used in this study would produce behaviorally discriminable plasma levels of caffeine in most subjects and of theobromine in at least one subject.

Comparative stimulant and diuretic actions of caffeine and theobromine in man

TLDR
Caffeine altered self‐estimates of sleep latency and sleep quality in a dose‐dependent fashion and increased overnight urinary sodium excretion and theobromine in equivalent doses had no detectable effect on sleep parameters or on urine composition.

Subjective, behavioral, and physiological effects of acute caffeine in light, nondependent caffeine users

TLDR
It is confirmed that acute doses of caffeine, at levels typically found in a cup of coffee, produce stimulant-like subjective effects and enhance performance in light, nondependent caffeine users, supporting the idea that the drug has psychoactive effects even in the absence of withdrawal.