Diagnosis and Therapeutic Management of Extra-Intestinal Manifestations of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

@article{Trikudanathan2012DiagnosisAT,
  title={Diagnosis and Therapeutic Management of Extra-Intestinal Manifestations of Inflammatory Bowel Disease},
  author={Guru Trikudanathan and Preethi G. K. Venkatesh and Udayakumar Navaneethan},
  journal={Drugs},
  year={2012},
  volume={72},
  pages={2333-2349}
}
Extra-intestinal manifestations (EIMs) are reported frequently in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and may be diagnosed before, concurrently or after the diagnosis of IBD. EIMs in IBD may be classified based on their association with IBD disease activity. The first group has a direct relationship with the activity of the bowel disease and includes pauciarticular arthritis, oral aphthous ulcers, erythema nodosum and episcleritis. The second group of EIMs appears to follow an… 
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Extraintestinal Manifestations of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Current Concepts, Treatment, and Implications for Disease Management.
TLDR
In general, peripheral arthritis, oral aphthous ulcers, episcleritis, or erythema nodosum may be associated with active intestinal inflammation and may improve upon standard treatment of the intestinal inflammation.
Extraintestinal Manifestations of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
TLDR
Extraintestinal manifestations in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are frequent and may occur before or after IBD diagnosis, and successful therapy of EIM is essential for improving quality of life of patients with IBD.
Extra-Intestinal Manifestations of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
TLDR
The research scrutinizes the identified pathogenic mechanisms that tend to involve genetic susceptibility, aberrant self-recognition, and autoantibodies directed against organ-specific antigens shared by intestinal and extra-intestinal organs.
Skin Manifestations of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
TLDR
Current knowledge on cutaneous EIMs, their diagnostic criteria and clinical presentation, natural history, pathogenesis, and treatment options are summarized.
Extra-intestinal Manifestations in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Diagnosis and Management
TLDR
There is a need for effective biomarkers in this area as there are none available and while biomarkers are used for related rheumatological conditions, they are not effective as diagnostic or prognostic markers for extra-intestinal manifestations of IBD.
Oral Manifestations of Inflammatory Bowel Disease and the Role of Non-Invasive Surrogate Markers of Disease Activity
TLDR
Fecal calprotectin is a non-invasive marker of intestinal inflammation and may be used to select which patients need to undergo endoscopic examination, thereby avoiding unnecessary investigations.
Oral manifestation in inflammatory bowel disease: a review.
TLDR
Oral manifestations of inflammatory bowel diseases, including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis, not only affect the intestinal tract but also have an extraintestinal involvement within the oral cavity, which may assist in the diagnosis and the monitoring of disease activity.
Extraintestinal manifestations in inflammatory bowel disease – epidemiology, genetics, and pathogenesis
TLDR
It still remains unclear whether EIM is a direct result of the inflammatory process in the gut or rather a consequence of a shared genetic background leading to dysfunctional immune responses to environmental stimuli, and pathogenesis is at best partially understood.
Occurrence of skin manifestations in patients of the Swiss Inflammatory Bowel Disease Cohort Study
TLDR
The results suggest that young females with a positive family history of IBD might be at increased risk for the onset of skin manifestations and require a careful screening for such complications.
Extraintestinal Manifestations of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
TLDR
This chapter provides comprehensive review of various extraintestinal manifestations associated with IBD with specific focus on autoinflammation.
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