Devil Facial Tumor Disease

@article{Pye2016DevilFT,
  title={Devil Facial Tumor Disease},
  author={R. J. Pye and Gregory M. Woods and Alexandre Kreiss},
  journal={Veterinary Pathology},
  year={2016},
  volume={53},
  pages={726 - 736}
}
Devil facial tumor disease (DFTD) is an emergent transmissible cancer exclusive to Tasmanian devils (Sarcophilus harrisii) and threatening the species with extinction in the wild. Research on DFTD began 10 years ago, when nothing was known about the tumor and little about the devils. The depth of knowledge gained since then is impressive, with research having addressed significant aspects of the disease and the devils’ responses to it. These include the cause and pathogenesis of DFTD, the… 
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Isotopic niche variation in Tasmanian devils Sarcophilus harrisii with progression of devil facial tumor disease
TLDR
It is suggested that devils tend to maintain their isotopic niche in the face of DFTD infection and progression, except where ecological conditions facilitate a shift in diets and feeding behaviors, demonstrating that ecological context, alongside disease severity, can modulate the behavioral responses of Tasmanian devils to DFTd.
Lessons learnt from the Tasmanian devil facial tumour regarding immune function in cancer
TLDR
Knowledge gained from immune responses to a transmissible cancer in devils will ultimately reveal useful insights into immunity to cancer in humans and other species.
Cancer- and behavior-related genes are targeted by selection in the Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii)
TLDR
It is supported that DFTD shaped the genome of the Tasmanian devil in an even more extensive way than previously reported, and the possibility to detect highly polygenic footprints of short-term selection in very small populations is demonstrated.
Immunization Strategies Producing a Humoral IgG Immune Response against Devil Facial Tumor Disease in the Majority of Tasmanian Devils Destined for Wild Release
TLDR
The seroconversion in the majority of devils in these anti-DFTD immunization trials was remarkable, especially as DFTD is hallmarked by its immune evasion mechanisms.
A transforming giant virus discovered in Canine Transmissible Venereal Tumour: Stray dogs and Tasmanian devils opening the door to a preventive cancer vaccine
TLDR
The discovery of an infectious microbial agent, acutely transforming in CTVT in dogs not only modifies current beliefs on the origin of transmissible cancer in the wild, but offers alternative anti-cancer strategies that aim to eradicate an entire microbe and its mega-genome, carrying hundreds of proteins.
Toward an integrative molecular approach to wildlife disease
TLDR
This work examines the roles of genetic, epigenetic, and commensal microbial variation in disease pathogenesis and advocates for an inclusive understanding of molecular diversity in driving parasite infection and variable host disease states in wildlife systems.
Schwann cells shape the neuro-immune environs and control cancer progression
TLDR
It is shown that SCs in the tumor milieu attract different subsets of immune regulators and augment their ability to suppress effector T cells and up-regulate invasiveness of tumor cells and support metastatic disease.
Blood Parasites in Endangered Wildlife-Trypanosomes Discovered during a Survey of Haemoprotozoa from the Tasmanian Devil
TLDR
This study provides the first insight into haemoprotozoa from the Tasmanian devil and the first identification of Trypanosoma and Babesia in this carnivorous marsupial.
Health and disease status in a threatened marsupial, the quokka (Setonix brachyurus)
TLDR
E Epidemiological data was determined for a range of potential pathogens, and physiological reference intervals of apparently healthy, wild quokkas on Rottnest Island and mainland locations were established, establishing preparedness for a rapid response if clinical disease is to happen, and to manage populations in a more integrated way.
Lessons from transmissible cancers for immunotherapy and transplant.
TLDR
The mechanisms involved in immune-mediated tissue rejection are discussed, making a parallel with transmissible cancers, and the cellular and molecular mechanism involved in cancer immunotherapy and anti-rejection therapies are discussed.
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References

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Tasmanian devil facial tumour disease: lessons for conservation biology.
Immunology of a Transmissible Cancer Spreading among Tasmanian Devils
TLDR
The DFTD cancer cells avoid allogeneic recognition because they do not express MHC class I molecules on the cell surface, which means they appear to develop into a cancer without inducing an immune response.
The Pathology of Devil Facial Tumor Disease (DFTD) in Tasmanian Devils (Sarcophilus harrisii)
TLDR
The results indicate DFTD to be an undifferentiated soft tissue neoplasm.
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TLDR
E Epidemiological, cytogenetic and immunological data all support the premise that DFTD arose from a single tumor clone from an individual diseased animal, and is being transmitted between individual animals as a tumor “allograft” by biting during social interaction.
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TLDR
The most likely explanation for devil-to-devil transmission of DFTD is that the tumor is not recognized by the devil as “non-self” because of the limited genetic diversity.
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TLDR
Seasonal patterns of injuries resulting from bites between individuals, DFTD infection status and tumour location in two populations are investigated to determine whether the number of bites predicts the acquisition of devil facial tumour disease and to explore the possibility that the reduced impacts of D FTD in north-west Tasmania are attributed to reduced bite rates.
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TLDR
It is suggested that conservation efforts focus on identifying whether either or both of the most plausible explanations for the substantial differences in population effects and epidemiology of the disease between eastern and western sites are geographic differences in genotypes or phenotypes of devils and functional differences between tumor strains in the 2 regions.
Clonally transmissible cancers in dogs and Tasmanian devils
TLDR
The biology, molecular genetics and immunology of the Tasmanian devil and canine transmissible venereal tumor are contrasted, and the implications of clonally transmissible cancers for host-pathogen evolution are discussed.
Distribution and Impacts of Tasmanian Devil Facial Tumor Disease
TLDR
Mark-recapture analysis and a preliminary epidemiological model developed for the population with the best longitudinal data both project local extinction in that area over a timeframe of 10 to 15 years from disease emergence, however, the prediction of extinction from the model is sensitive to the estimate of the latent period, which is poorly known.
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TLDR
It is proposed that the disease of the Tasmanian devil is transmitted by allograft, whereby an infectious cell line is passed directly between the animals through bites they inflict on one another.
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