Detection Times of Drugs of Abuse in Blood, Urine, and Oral Fluid

@article{Verstraete2004DetectionTO,
  title={Detection Times of Drugs of Abuse in Blood, Urine, and Oral Fluid},
  author={Alain G. Verstraete},
  journal={Therapeutic Drug Monitoring},
  year={2004},
  volume={26},
  pages={200-205}
}
  • A. Verstraete
  • Published 1 April 2004
  • Medicine
  • Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
Data on the detection times of drugs of abuse are based on studies of controlled administration to volunteers or on the analysis of biologic samples of subjects who are forced to stop their (often chronic) use of drugs of abuse, eg, because of imprisonment or detoxification. [] Key Result In general, the detection time is longest in hair, followed by urine, sweat, oral fluid, and blood. In blood or plasma, most drugs of abuse can be detected at the low nanogram per milliliter level for 1 or 2 days.
View on Wolters Kluwer
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
390 Citations
Highly Influential Citations
13
Background Citations
114
Methods Citations
16
Results Citations
5

390 Citations

Citation Type

Citation Type

Very long Detection Times after High and repeated intake of Heroin and Methadone, measured in Oral Fluid
TLDR
Oral fluid is likely to become a good method for detection of drug abuse in the future and Elimination curves for methadone in oral fluid were found for two subjects, and the detection times were 5 and 8 days.
Using biological samples in epidemiological research on drugs of abuse
TLDR
Combined use of questionnaires/interviews and drug testing detects more drug use than when using only one of those methods and is therefore expected to give more accurate data.
Bioanalytical procedures for determination of drugs of abuse in oral fluid
TLDR
Concerns are discussed, such as the variability in the volume of sample collected and its implications in terms of quantitative measurements, and the drug recoveries of the many different specimen collection systems on the market.
Comparison of Oral Fluid and Urine for Detection of Cocaine Abuse Using Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometry.
TLDR
It is demonstrated that OF detects more COC abuse in an AMP setting when UR BZE cutoffs ≥ 50 µg/L are utilized, and that UR creatinine concentrations are significantly lower in specimens positive for COC and/or BZE in OF and negative for BZe in UR.
Screening for drugs of abuse: which matrix, oral fluid or urine?
  • K. Allen
  • Medicine, Biology
    Annals of clinical biochemistry
  • 2011
TLDR
Advances in analytical techniques, particularly chromatography linked to tandem mass spectrometry, are helping to promote oral fluid analysis, but the lack of concordance studies examining both urine and oral fluid drug levels and kinetics in the clinical setting is of some concern.
Interpretation of Oral Fluid Tests for Drugs of Abuse
TLDR
This review delineates many of the chemical and metabolic processes involved in the disposition of drugs and metabolites in oral fluid that are important to the appropriate interpretation of oral fluid tests.
Distinguishing of Abuse Drugs in Urine and Blood Samples of Abusers in Iran
TLDR
Among all drug analytical methods the cheapest and easiest test to screening opioids and other abuse drugs in urine and blood samples is strip test for rapid diagnosis and TLC (thin-layer chromatography) is appropriate confirmation method to drug abuse distinguishing.
Windows of detection of lorazepam in urine, oral fluid and hair, with a special focus on drug-facilitated crimes.
Bioanalytical procedures and recent developments in the determination of opiates/opioids in human biological samples
TLDR
Recently published articles that describe procedures for the detection of opiates in the most commonly used human biological matrices, blood and urine, and also in unconventional ones, e.g. oral fluid, hair, and meconium are reviewed.
A validated method for the detection and quantitation of 50 drugs of abuse and medicinal drugs in oral fluid by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
...
1
2
3
4
5
...

References

SHOWING 1-10 OF 70 REFERENCES
Detection Time of Drugs of Abuse in Urine
TLDR
Investigation times for detection of drugs in urine vary depending on dose and route of administration, metabolism and characteristics of the screening and confirmation assays, particularly for heroin and designer amphetamines.
Time of drug elimination in chronic drug abusers. Case study of 52 patients in a "low-step" detoxification ward.
Urinary excretion of amphetamine after termination of drug abuse.
TLDR
Large concentration differences could be found between consecutive specimens, accompanied by considerable differences in creatinine and pH, and as expected, urinary pH was observed to influence the excretion.
Analysis of Drugs in Saliva.
TLDR
Although salivary drug concentrations are well correlated with pharmacological effects for some drugs, e.g., cocaine, further studies have to prove whether saliva is a suitable matrix to demonstrate "driving under the influence of psychoactive drugs.
Sweat testing of MDMA with the Drugwipe analytical device: a controlled study with two volunteers.
TLDR
Findings preliminarily support sweat testing with Drugwipe for monitoring MDMA use and support the use of this rapid on-site test for the analysis of drugs of abuse in unconventional specimens.
The duration time of urine morphine detection in heroin addicts by radioimmunoassay.
TLDR
It was found that morphine could be detected in the urine every day for seven days and the decreasing rate of daily morphine detection in the urinary stream was 88.8 per cent.
Importance of creatinine analyses of urine when screening for abused drugs.
TLDR
A simple method involving urine creatine measurements for testing authenticity and reducing false-negative results in urine testing for drugs of abuse is reported, in a formerly heavy smoker of cannabis.
Duration of detectable methamphetamine and amphetamine excretion in urine after controlled oral administration of methamphetamine to humans.
TLDR
The urinary excretion of MAMP after oral ingestion was determined and the effect of using lower cutoffs on detection of exposure was examined, finding that at the lower cutoff, initial detection times are earlier, detection windows are longer, and confirmation rates are increased.
Plasma and oral fluid pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics after oral codeine administration.
TLDR
Oral fluid testing is a useful alternative matrix for monitoring codeine exposure with a detection window of 7-21 h for single doses, depending on cutoff concentrations, but because of high variability, oral fluid codeine concentrations did not reliably predict concurrent plasma concentrations.
Detection of marijuana use by oral fluid and urine analysis following single-dose administration of smoked and oral marijuana.
TLDR
It was concluded that oral fluid testing for THC offers specific advantages over other means of marijuana testing when used in safety-sensitive testing programs.
...
1
2
3
4
5
...