Descending propriospinal axons in the hindlimb enlargement of the red‐eared turle: Cells of origin and funicular courses

@article{Berkowitz1994DescendingPA,
  title={Descending propriospinal axons in the hindlimb enlargement of the red‐eared turle: Cells of origin and funicular courses},
  author={Ari Berkowitz and Paul S G Stein},
  journal={Journal of Comparative Neurology},
  year={1994},
  volume={346}
}
Spinal neurons with descending axons are important components of spinal sensorimotor networks. We used an anatomical tracing technique to study the distribution of descending propriospinal axons and cell bodies in red‐eared turtles. We injected horseradish peroxidase into a portion of one funiculus in the middle of the hindlimb enlargement and examined six spinal segments rostral to the injection site (dorsal 3 through dorsal 8) for labeled neuronal cell bodies. 
Activity of descending propriospinal axons in the turtle hindlimb enlargement during two forms of fictive scratching: broad tuning to regions of the body surface
  • A. Berkowitz, P. Stein
  • Biology
    The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience
  • 1994
TLDR
Recordings of descending propriospinal axons at the caudal end of a seven-segment turtle spinal cord preparation suggest that selection of the appropriate form of scratching, rostral or pocket, may be mediated by populations of broadly tuned neurons rather than by highly specialized neurons.
Bilateral projection of neurones of the C6 segment to S1 and S2 segments of the spinal cord in the cat.
  • P. Krutki
  • Biology
    Acta neurobiologiae experimentalis
  • 1997
TLDR
Sacral projections of neurones located in the C6 segment of the spinal cord were electrophysiologically investigated in anaesthetized cats and indicated the importance of these neurones for interlimb coordination.
Monosynaptic connections between primary afferents and giant neurons in the turtle spinal dorsal horn
TLDR
Light microscope studies combining Nissl stain and transganglionic HRP-labeling of the primary afferents have revealed the occurrence of axosomatic and axodendritic contacts between labeled boutons and giant neurons.
Physiology and morphology indicate that individual spinal interneurons contribute to diverse limb movements.
  • A. Berkowitz
  • Biology, Psychology
    Journal of neurophysiology
  • 2005
TLDR
It is suggested that diverse vertebrate limb movements are produced by spinal cord interneuronal networks that include some shared components.
Somato-dendritic morphology predicts physiology for neurons that contribute to several kinds of limb movements.
TLDR
This work reports here the first description of a class of spinal interneurons whose somato-dendritic morphologies predict their robust activity during multiple forms of ipsilateral and contralateral fictive hindlimb scratching and fictive Hindlimb withdrawal.
Activity of descending propriospinal axons in the turtle hindlimb enlargement during two forms of fictive scratching: phase analyses
  • A. Berkowitz, P. Stein
  • Biology
    The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience
  • 1994
TLDR
A model illustrates that a population of propriospinal neurons, each of which is broadly tuned to a region of the body surface and is rhythmically activated in a constant phase of the hip control cycle, could mediate the selection and generation of rostral scratching and pocket scratching.
Immunohistochemical Expression of Synaptophysin in the Adult and Developing Cervical and Lumbar Enlargements of the Spinal Cord of Rabbit.
TLDR
In adult, profuse SynpIR appeared in the entire grey matter, and stained dendrites departed from neurons in the lateral laminae into the adjacent funiculi as finger-like projections, and its differential expression levels is specific and almost completed before birth.
Spinal Motor Patterns in the Turtle a
TLDR
Bilateral midbody stimulation in D3‐end turtles evokes reconstruction of rhythmic alternation between intact side hip flexors and extensors because one‐site stimulation in this preparation activates only hip flexor rhythms.
...
1
2
3
4
...

References

SHOWING 1-10 OF 91 REFERENCES
The location of spinal neurons with long descending axons (long descending propriospinal tract neurons) in the cat: A study with the horseradish peroxidase technique
The distribution of spinal neurons with long descending axons was studied in the cat by means of retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. Labeled neurons appeared bilaterally in the cervical
Cells of origin of long descending propriospinal fibers connecting the spinal enlargements in cat and monkey determined by horseradish peroxidase and electrophysiological techniques
The cells of origin of the long descending propriospinal tract (LDPT) in the cervical enlargement were studied in cat and monkey by using the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP).
Propriospinal fibers in the white matter of the cat sacral spinal cord
TLDR
The present study determines numbers of axons in the isolated S2 cat spinal cord and compares these figures with the normal, finding that 60% of the fibers in the spinal cord at this location are propriospinal.
Propriospinal fibers in the rat
TLDR
Almost one‐third of the axons in rat sacral lateral and ventral funiculi are propriospinal, a lower figure than would have been predicted from classical work and allows more precision in the thinking about the organization of the spinal cord.
Propriospinal fibers reaching the lumbar enlargement in the rat
Activity of descending propriospinal axons in the turtle hindlimb enlargement during two forms of fictive scratching: broad tuning to regions of the body surface
  • A. Berkowitz, P. Stein
  • Biology
    The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience
  • 1994
TLDR
Recordings of descending propriospinal axons at the caudal end of a seven-segment turtle spinal cord preparation suggest that selection of the appropriate form of scratching, rostral or pocket, may be mediated by populations of broadly tuned neurons rather than by highly specialized neurons.
Termination of supraspinal descending pathways in the spinal cord of the tegu lizard, Tupinambis nigropunctatus.
  • W. Cruce
  • Biology
    Brain, behavior and evolution
  • 1975
TLDR
Descending fiber projections to the lizard spinal cord were studied using anterograde axonal degeneration and found that fibers of the ventromedial supraspinal pathway may make axodendritic contact with motoneurons of lateral IX as well as medial IX, ipsilaterally.
...
1
2
3
4
5
...