• DOI:10.1103/PhysRevD.106.032010
• Corpus ID: 246430655

Density of GeV muons in air showers measured with IceTop

@article{Abbasi2022DensityOG,
  title={Density of GeV muons in air showers measured with IceTop},
  author={R. U. Abbasi and Markus Ackermann and J. H. Adams and Juan Antonio Aguilar and Markus Ahlers and Maryon Ahrens and J. M. Alameddine and A. A. Alves and Najia Moureen Binte Amin and Karen Andeen and Tyler Brooks Anderson and Gisela Anton and Carlos A. Arguelles and Yosuke Ashida and S. N. Axani and Xinhua Bai and V. A.Balagopal and Steven W. Barwick and B. Bastian and V. Basu and S. Baur and Ryan Bay and James J. Beatty and Kathrin Becker and Julia K. Becker Tjus and J. Beise and Chiara Bellenghi and Susan Benda and Segev Y. BenZvi and David Berley and Elisa Bernardini and Dave Z. Besson and Gary Binder and Daniel Bindig and Erik Blaufuss and S. Blot and Matthias Boddenberg and Federico Bontempo and Jurgen Borowka and Sebastian Boser and Olga Botner and Jakob Bottcher and {\'E}tienne Bourbeau and F. Bradascio and J. Braun and Betsy Brinson and Stephanie Bron and Jannes Brostean-Kaiser and S. Browne and A. Burgman and R. T. Burley and Raffaela Busse and M. A. Campana and E. G. Carnie-Bronca and C. Chen and Z. Chen and Dmitry Chirkin and K. Choi and B. A. Clark and Ken Clark and Lew Classen and A. Coleman and Gabriel H. Collin and J. M. Conrad and Paul Coppin and P. Correa and D. F. Cowen and R. Cross and C. Dappen and P. Dave and Catherine De Clercq and James DeLaunay and D. Delgado L'opez and Hans Peter Dembinski and Kunal Deoskar and Abhishek Desai and Paolo Desiati and Krijn D. de Vries and G. de Wasseige and Meike de With and Tyce DeYoung and A. Diaz and J. C. D'iaz-V'elez and Markus Dittmer and H. Dujmovic and Matthew Dunkman and Michael DuVernois and Thomas Ehrhardt and Philipp Eller and Ralph Engel and Hannah Erpenbeck and J. J. Evans and Paul A. Evenson and K. L. Fan and Ali R. Fazely and Anatoli Fedynitch and N. Feigl and Sebastian Fiedlschuster and Aaron T. Fienberg and Chad Finley and Leander Fischer and D. Fox and Anna Franckowiak and E. Friedman and A. Fritz and Philipp Furst and Thomas K. Gaisser and J. Gallagher and E. Ganster and A. Garcia and Simone Garrappa and Lisa Marie Gerhardt and A. Ghadimi and C. Glaser and Theo Glauch and Thorsten Glusenkamp and J. G. Gonzalez and S. Goswami and Darren Grant and T. Gr'egoire and Spencer Griswold and Chantal Gunther and Paul C. Gutjahr and Christian Haack and Allan Hallgren and Robert Halliday and L. Halve and Francis Halzen and Martin Ha Minh and Kael D. Hanson and John Hardin and Alexander A. Harnisch and Andreas Haungs and Dustin Hebecker and Klaus Helbing and Felix Henningsen and Emma C. Hettinger and Stephanie Virginia Hickford and Joshua Hignight and C. Hill and Gary C. Hill and K. D. Hoffman and Ruth Hoffmann and Kotoyo Hoshina and F. Huang and Martin E. Huber and T. Huber and Klas Hultqvist and Mirco Hunnefeld and Raamis Hussain and K. Hymon and Seongjin In and N. Iovine and Aya Ishihara and Mattias Jansson and George S. Japaridze and Minjin Jeong and M. Jin and B. J. P. Jones and D. Kang and W. Kang and Xiaoping Kang and Alexander Kappes and David Kappesser and Leonora Kardum and Timo Karg and M. Karl and Albrecht Karle and Uli Katz and Matthew Kauer and Moritz Kellermann and John L. Kelley and Ali Kheirandish and Ken'ichi Kin and T. Kintscher and Joanna Kiryluk and Spencer R. Klein and Ramesh Koirala and Hermann Kolanoski and Tomas Kontrimas and Lutz Kopke and Claudio Kopper and Sandro Kopper and D. Jason Koskinen and P. Koundal and M. Kovacevich and Marek Kowalski and Tetiana Kozynets and Emma Kun and Naoko Kurahashi and Neha Lad and C. Lagunas Gualda and Justin Lanfranchi and Michael James Larson and F. Lauber and Jeffrey Lazar and J. W. Lee and K. Leonard and Agnieszka Leszczy'nska and Y. Li and Massimiliano Lincetto and Q. R. Liu and Maria Liubarska and E. Lohfink and C. J. Lozano Mariscal and L. Lu and Fabrizio Lucarelli and A. Ludwig and W. Luszczak and Yang Lyu and W. Y. Ma and J. Madsen and K. Mahn and Yuya Makino and Sarah Mancina and Ioana Marics and Ivan Martinez-Soler and Reina Maruyama and S. McCarthy and T. McElroy and Frank McNally and James Vincent Mead and Kevin J. Meagher and Sarah Mechbal and Andres Medina and Maximilian Meier and Stephan Meighen-Berger and Jessica Micallef and Daniela Mockler and Teresa Montaruli and R. W. Moore and Robert Morse and M. Moulai and R. Naab and R. Nagai and Uwe Naumann and Jannis Necker and L.V.T. Nguyen and Hans Niederhausen and M. U. Nisa and S. C. Nowicki and A. Obertacke Pollmann and Marie Johanna Oehler and B. Oeyen and Andr{\'e}s Olivas and Erin O’Sullivan and Hershal Pandya and Daria Pankova and N. Park and George K. Parker and E. N. Paudel and Larissa Paul and Carlos P'erez de los Heros and Lilly Peters and J. Peterson and Saskia Philippen and Sarah Pieper and Martin Pittermann and Alex Pizzuto and M. Plum and Yuiry Popovych and Alessio Porcelli and M. Prado Rodriguez and B. Pries and Gerald T. Przybylski and C. Raab and John Rack-Helleis and Amirreza Raissi and M. Rameez and Katherine Rawlins and Immacolata Carmen Rea and Zoe Rechav and A. Rehman and Patrick Reichherzer and Ren{\'e} Reimann and Giovanni Renzi and Elisa Resconi and Simeon Reusch and Wolfgang Rhode and Michael Richman and Benedikt Riedel and E. J. Roberts and S. M. Robertson and Gerrit Roellinghoff and Martin Rongen and Carsten Rott and Tim Ruhe and Dirk Ryckbosch and D. Rysewyk Cantu and Ibrahim Safa and Julian Saffer and S. E. Sanchez Herrera and Alexander Sandrock and Marcos Santander and Subir Sarkar and Konstancja Satalecka and Merlin Schaufel and H. Schieler and S. Schindler and Timothy W. Schmidt and A. Schneider and J. Schneider and Frank G. Schroder and L. Schumacher and Georg Schwefer and S. Sclafani and David Seckel and Surujhdeo Seunarine and A. Sharma and Shefali Shefali and N. Shimizu and M. Silva and Barbara Skrzypek and Ben Smithers and Robert Snihur and Jan Soedingrekso and Dennis Soldin and Christian Spannfellner and G. M. Spiczak and Christian Spiering and J. Stachurska and Michael Stamatikos and Todor Stanev and Robert Stein and J. Stettner and Thorsten Stezelberger and Timo Sturwald and T. Stuttard and Gregory W. Sullivan and I. Taboada and Samvel Ter-Antonyan and John Thwaites and Serap Tilav and Franziska Tischbein and K. Tollefson and Christoph Tonnis and Simona Toscano and Delia Tosi and A. Trettin and Maria Tselengidou and Chun Fai Tung and Andrea Turcati and Roxanne Turcotte and C. F. Turley and Jean Pierre Twagirayezu and Bunheng Ty and M. A. Unland Elorrieta and Nora Valtonen-Mattila and Justin Vandenbroucke and Nick van Eijndhoven and David Vannerom and Jakob van Santen and Josh Veitch-Michaelis and S. Verpoest and Christian Walck and W. Wang and T. B. Watson and C. Weaver and Philip Weigel and Andreas Weindl and Matthew J Weiss and Jan Weldert and C. Wendt and Johannes Werthebach and Mark Weyrauch and Nathan Whitehorn and Christopher Wiebusch and D. R. Williams and M. Wolf and Gerrit Wrede and Johan Wulff and X. Xu and Juan Pablo Y{\'a}{\~n}ez and E. Yildizci and S. Yoshida and S. Yu and T. Yuan and Z. Zhang and Pavel Zhelnin},
  journal={Physical Review D},
  year={2022}
}

• R. Abbasi, M. Ackermann, +376 authors P. Zhelnin
• Published 29 January 2022
• Physics
• Physical Review D

We present a measurement of the density of GeV muons in near-vertical air showers using three years of data recorded by the IceTop array at the South Pole. Depending on the shower size, the muon densities have been measured at lateral distances between 200 and 1000 m. From these lateral distributions, we derive the muon densities as functions of energy at reference distances of 600 and 800 m for primary energies between 2.5 and 40 PeV and between 9 and 120 PeV, respectively. The muon densities are determined using, as a baseline, the hadronic interaction model Sibyll 2.1 together with various composition models. The measurements are consistent with the predicted muon densities within these baseline interaction and composition models. The measured muon densities have also been compared to simulations using the post-LHC models EPOS-LHC and QGSJet-II.04. The result of this comparison is that the post-LHC models together with any given composition model yield higher muon densities than observed. This is in contrast to the observations above 1 EeV where all model simulations yield for any mass composition lower muon densities than the measured ones. The post-LHC models in general feature higher muon densities so that the agreement with experimental data at the highest energies is improved but the muon densities are not correct in the energy range between 2.5 and about 100 PeV.