Demonstration of Functional Coupling between Dopamine Synthesis and Its Packaging into Synaptic Vesicles

@article{Chen2003DemonstrationOF,
  title={Demonstration of Functional Coupling between Dopamine Synthesis and Its Packaging into Synaptic Vesicles},
  author={Rong Chen and Jianning Wei and Stephen C. Fowler and Jang-Yen Wu},
  journal={Journal of Biomedical Science},
  year={2003},
  volume={10},
  pages={774 - 781}
}
We have previously shown that the membrane-associated form of the GABA-synthesizing enzyme, glutamate decarboxylase 65 (GAD65), is activated by synaptic vesicle proton gradient-mediated protein phosphorylation. We now report that the rate-limiting enzyme in dopamine (DA) biosynthesis, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), is regulated similarly to GAD65. The membrane-associated form of TH (MTH) was activated by conditions favoring protein phosphorylation (e.g. ATP) and was inhibited by phosphatase (e.g… 
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A novel interaction between Hsc70 and TH that regulates the activity and localization of the enzyme to synaptic vesicles is demonstrated, suggesting an important role for H sc70 in dopamine homeostasis.
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Electrostatic analysis of available crystal structures of γ and of the non-membrane-binding ζ-isoform indicate that the electrostatic potential distribution of phosphopeptide-bound 14-3-3γ is optimal for interaction with the membrane through amphipathic helices at the N-terminal dimerization region, and reveals membrane-targeting motifs.
Analysis of C. elegans acetylcholine synthesis mutants reveals a temperature-sensitive requirement for cholinergic neuromuscular function.
TLDR
It is suggested that the data are consistent with a model of ChAT protein physically, but not covalently, associated with synaptic vesicles; and there is a temperature-dependent equilibrium between vesicle-associated and cytoplasmic (i.e., soluble) ChAT.
Tyrosine depletion lowers dopamine synthesis and desipramine-induced prefrontal cortex catecholamine levels
Tyrosine hydroxylase and HSPB8 interact with the prion protein
TLDR
The identification of neuronally-relevant interactors of PrP, capable of governing or interfering with its activity, cellular localization and/or expression, plays a crucial role in helping to understand the physiological and pathological mechanisms of action of the prion protein.
DOPA Homeostasis by Dopamine: A Control-Theoretic View
TLDR
An analysis of the negative feedback inhibition of tyrosine hydroxylase by DA indicates, with support from the experimental data, that the TH-DA negative feedback loop has developed to exhibit 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) homeostasis by using DA as a derepression regulator.
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