Defensive Development

@article{Boyd2008DefensiveD,
  title={Defensive Development},
  author={Michelle Boyd},
  journal={Urban Affairs Review},
  year={2008},
  volume={43},
  pages={751 - 776}
}
This article expands the standard consumption versus production debate in the gentrification literature by examining the role of racial conflict in neighborhood change. Drawing from historical and ethnographic research, it analyzes gentrification in Douglas/Grand Boulevard, a Black community on Chicago's South Side. It argues that although capital movements and middle-class consumption patterns created opportunities for gentrification, racial ordering politicized it, prompting Blacks to engage… 
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59 Citations
Highly Influential Citations
6
Background Citations
23
Methods Citations
2
Results Citations
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59 Citations

Theorizing Gentrification as a Process of Racial Capitalism
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ABSTRACT While the term gentrification in an American context often incorporates racial turnover, the role of race in gentrification remains undertheorized. Employing a critical race lens, this study…
From Barrios to Condos: The Effects of Gentrification on Minority Descriptive Representation
Academics, practitioners, and community activists have hotly debated the effects, both positive and negative, of gentrification. Still, political scientists have yet to fully weigh in on the…
Gentrification without Segregation? Race, Immigration, and Renewal in a Diversifying City
TLDR
It is suggested that where arriving immigrants move limits residential selection in gentrification and shifts pressures to low–cost Black neighborhoods, which has implications for the future of racial stratification as cities transform.
Gentrification, Race, and Immigration in the Changing American City
This dissertation examines how gentrification—a class transformation—unfolds along racial and ethnic lines. Using a new conceptual framework, considering the city-level context of immigration and…
Black On Both Sides: An Examination of Race and Class in the Ghetto Mecca
From Spike Lee’s School Daze to The Real Housewives of Atlanta, mainstream entertainment has portrayed Atlanta as a “black mecca,” largely due to its consortium of black colleges, expansion of…
Retail Gentrification and Race: The Case of Alberta Street in Portland, Oregon
Alberta Street is emblematic of Portland’s image as a city that embraces the “creative class,” ranking high in being “bohemian” and embracing “diversity.” It is a street that has had a decline in…
“Chocolate City, Rest in Peace”: White Space–Claiming and the Exclusion of Black People in Washington, DC
Urban sociologists and gentrification scholars have long been interested in examining the combination of structural and micro–level forces that result in the displacement and exclusion of low–income…
African Americans, Gentrification, and Neoliberal Urbanization: the Case of Fort Greene, Brooklyn
This article examines the gentrification of Fort Greene, which is located in the western part of black Brooklyn, one of the largest contiguous black urban areas in the USA. Between the late 1960s and…
Revisiting the Citadel and the Ghetto
The author examines the relevance of racial discourses to neoliberal urban development occurring in older, former industrial cities in the United States. Rather than treating the production of new…
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References

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