Declining Wild Salmon Populations in Relation to Parasites from Farm Salmon

@article{Krkoek2007DecliningWS,
  title={Declining Wild Salmon Populations in Relation to Parasites from Farm Salmon},
  author={Martin Krko{\vs}ek and Jennifer S. Ford and Alexandra Morton and Subhash R. Lele and Ransom A. Myers and Mark A. Lewis},
  journal={Science},
  year={2007},
  volume={318},
  pages={1772 - 1775}
}
Rather than benefiting wild fish, industrial aquaculture may contribute to declines in ocean fisheries and ecosystems. Farm salmon are commonly infected with salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis), which are native ectoparasitic copepods. We show that recurrent louse infestations of wild juvenile pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha), all associated with salmon farms, have depressed wild pink salmon populations and placed them on a trajectory toward rapid local extinction. The louse-induced… 
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Highly Influential Citations
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Background Citations
88
Methods Citations
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Results Citations
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230 Citations

Cessation of a salmon decline with control of parasites.
TLDR
Concerns remain about the long-term sustainability of parasite control on salmon farms in the study region because of the unknown ecological effects of parasticides and the potential for parasite resistance to chemical treatments.
Relationship of farm salmon, sea lice, and wild salmon populations
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It is concluded that separating farm salmon from wild salmon—proposed through coordinated fallowing or closed containment—will not increase wild salmon productivity and that medical analysis can improve the understanding of complex issues related to aquaculture sustainability.
Wild Salmon Sustain the Effectiveness of Parasite Control on Salmon Farms: Conservation Implications from an Evolutionary Ecosystem Service
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This theoretical and observational data suggests that wild salmon provide an evosystem service by prolonging parasiticide efficacy, and aquaculture managers could avoid production quantities that exceed wild salmon abundances, and sustain wild salmon populations through regional and oceanic scale conservation.
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The finding that species interactions may cause the effects of pathogen transmission from farmed to wild fish to propagate up a marine food web has important conservation implications and the management of salmon aquaculture should consider and account for species interactions.
A Global Assessment of Salmon Aquaculture Impacts on Wild Salmonids
TLDR
Meta-analytic estimates of the mean effect are significant and negative, suggesting that salmon farming has reduced survival of wild salmon and trout in many populations and countries.
Physiological consequences of the salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) on juvenile pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha): implications for wild salmon ecology and management, and for salmon aquaculture
TLDR
How ‘no effect’ thresholds for salmon louse sublethal impacts on juvenile pink salmon were determined using physiological principles was described and accepted by environmental managers and is being used to minimize the impact of salmon aquaculture on wild pink salmon populations.
Evidence of farm-induced parasite infestations on wild juvenile salmon in multiple regions of coastal British Columbia, Canada
TLDR
The hypothesis that salmon farms are a major source of sea lice on juvenile wild salmon in salmon farming regions and underscore the importance of using management techniques that mitigate threats to wild stocks is supported.
How sea lice from salmon farms may cause wild salmonid declines in Europe and North America and be a threat to fishes elsewhere
  • Mark John Costello
  • Environmental Science
    Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
  • 2009
TLDR
The literature is synthesized to provide an understanding of how one species, the salmon louse, Lepeophtheirus salmonis, can infest wild salmonids from farm sources and three-dimensional hydrographic models predicted the distribution of the planktonic salmon lice larvae best when they accounted for wind-driven surface currents and larval behaviour.
Fish farms, parasites, and predators: implications for salmon population dynamics.
  • M. KrkošekB. Connors M. Lewis
  • Environmental Science
    Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America
  • 2011
TLDR
Analysis of a mathematical model of sea lice and salmon population dynamics indicates that predation is an important component of salmon-louse dynamics and has implications for estimating mortality, reducing infection, and developing conservation policy.
Sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) infestations and the productivity of pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) in the Broughton Archipelago, British Columbia, Canada
TLDR
Using stock–recruit data for pink salmon from the central coast of British Columbia, results indicate substantial coherence in survival at nested spatial scales — large-scale regional covariation and smaller scale covariation within management areas.
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