Courtship behaviour in the genus Nomada – antennal grabbing and possible transfer of male secretions

@article{Schindler2018CourtshipBI,
  title={Courtship behaviour in the genus Nomada – antennal grabbing and possible transfer of male secretions},
  author={Matthias Schindler and M. M. Hofmann and Dieter Wittmann and Susanne S. Renner},
  journal={Journal of Hymenoptera Research},
  year={2018}
}
Due to low population densities, copulation in the cuckoo bee genus Nomada has not previously been observed, although a seminal paper by Tengö and Bergström (1977) on the chemomimesis between these parasitic bees and their Andrena or Melitta hosts postulated that secretions from male glands might be sprayed onto females during copulation. Our observations on the initiation and insertion phase of copulation in three species of Nomada now indicate antennal grabbing as a mechanism by which… 
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