Concise Review: Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Their Phenotype, Differentiation Capacity, Immunological Features, and Potential for Homing

@article{Chamberlain2007ConciseRM,
  title={Concise Review: Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Their Phenotype, Differentiation Capacity, Immunological Features, and Potential for Homing},
  author={Giselle Chamberlain and James M. Fox and Brian A. Ashton and Jim F Middleton},
  journal={STEM CELLS},
  year={2007},
  volume={25}
}
MSCs are nonhematopoietic stromal cells that are capable of differentiating into, and contribute to the regeneration of, mesenchymal tissues such as bone, cartilage, muscle, ligament, tendon, and adipose. MSCs are rare in bone marrow, representing ∼1 in 10,000 nucleated cells. Although not immortal, they have the ability to expand manyfold in culture while retaining their growth and multilineage potential. MSCs are identified by the expression of many molecules including CD105 (SH2) and CD73… 
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The main applications of mesenchymal stem in Regenerative Medicine and known mechanisms of homing and Immunomodulation of MSCs are discussed.
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The cell surface chemokine receptor repertoire of murine MSCs from bone marrow is defined, with a view to determining their migratory activity and the role ofChemokine receptors in in vivo models of disease and injury.
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Recent studies indicate that MSCs resemble pericytes and emerge from the peripheral stromal region surrounding blood vessels, thus clarifying their broad regenerative potential in adult tissues.
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Both a systematic phenotypic in vivo characterization of the MSC population and the development of a reproducible and faithful in vivo assay that would test the ability of MSCs to self‐renew, proliferate, and differentiate in vivo are just beginning.
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Recent advances that have broadened the understanding of the immunomodulatory properties of MSC are focused on and insight is provided as to their potential for clinical use as a cell-based therapy for immune-mediated disorders and, in particular, type 1 diabetes.
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Human MSC is discussed with particular reference to the expression of their surface markers, their role as immunomodulators and their multilineage differentiation potential and possible use in tissue regeneration and repair.
Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Regenerative Medicine
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The current clinical and nonclinical data for the use of MSCs in tissue repair and potential therapeutic role in various diseases are summarized.
Mesenchymal stem cells in the umbilical cord: phenotypic characterization, secretome and applications in central nervous system regenerative medicine.
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A comprehensive review on MSCs populations of the WJ and how these cell populations may be used for future applications in CNS regenerative medicine is made by critically reviewing the work that has been performed so far.
Biotechnological and biomedical applications of mesenchymal stem cells as a therapeutic system
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The functional role of MSCs in modulating immune responses, their capability in homing to injured tissue, and their clinical therapeutic potential are emphasized.
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