Concentrations of the Carcinogen 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-Pyridyl)-1-Butanone in Sidestream Cigarette Smoke Increase after Release into Indoor Air: Results from Unpublished Tobacco Industry Research

@article{Schick2007ConcentrationsOT,
  title={Concentrations of the Carcinogen 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-Pyridyl)-1-Butanone in Sidestream Cigarette Smoke Increase after Release into Indoor Air: Results from Unpublished Tobacco Industry Research},
  author={Suzaynn F. Schick and Stanton A. Glantz},
  journal={Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers \& Prevention},
  year={2007},
  volume={16},
  pages={1547 - 1553}
}
  • S. Schick, S. Glantz
  • Published 1 August 2007
  • Chemistry, Medicine
  • Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention
Research has shown that the toxicity of sidestream cigarette smoke, the primary constituent of secondhand smoke, increases over time. To find potential mechanisms that would explain the increase in sidestream smoke toxicity over time, we analyzed unpublished research reports from Philip Morris Co. using the internal tobacco industry documents now available at the University of California San Francisco Legacy Tobacco Documents Library and other Web sites. Unpublished research from Philip Morris… 
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Formation of carcinogens indoors by surface-mediated reactions of nicotine with nitrous acid, leading to potential thirdhand smoke hazards
TLDR
It is shown that residual nicotine from tobacco smoke sorbed to indoor surfaces reacts with ambient nitrous acid (HONO) to form carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs), which represents an unappreciated health hazard through dermal exposure, dust inhalation, and ingestion.
Evaluation of tobacco specific nitrosamines exposure by quantification of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) in human hair of non-smokers
TLDR
For the first time, NNK is present in hair samples from non-smokers in concentrations much higher than any other tobacco specific nitrosamine, and may provide a good estimation of cancer risk associated with exposure to secondhand smoke.
Urine Cotinine Underestimates Exposure to the Tobacco-Derived Lung Carcinogen 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-Pyridyl)-1-Butanone in Passive Compared with Active Smokers
TLDR
Cotinine measurement leads to an underestimation of exposure to the carcinogen NNK from secondhand smoke when compared with active smoking, suggesting a nonlinear tobacco smoke dose-response and/or that cotinine is not providing an accurate measure to the toxic constituents of secondhand tobacco smoke.
Thirdhand smoke causes DNA damage in human cells.
TLDR
It is demonstrated for the first time that exposure to THS is genotoxic in human cell lines, suggesting that THS exposure is related to increased oxidative stress and could be an important contributing factor in THS-mediated toxicity.
Cotinine Underestimates Exposure to the Tobacco-ived Lung Carcinogen 4-( Methylnitrosamino )-1-( 3-Pyridyl )-B & P utanone in Passive Compared with Active Smokers
acrjourna ectives: Cotinine and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) are widely used biors for tobacco-derived nicotine and the lung carcinogen…
Extensive Metabolic Activation of the Tobacco-Specific Carcinogen 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-Pyridyl)-1-Butanone in Smokers
TLDR
The results of this study show for the first time that NNK metabolic activation is a quantitatively significant pathway in smokers, accounting for ∼86% of total urinary excretion of NNK metabolites.
Comparison of urine cotinine and the tobacco-specific nitrosamine metabolite 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) and their ratio to discriminate active from passive smoking.
  • M. Goniewicz, M. Eisner, +6 authors N. Benowitz
  • Chemistry, Medicine
    Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco
  • 2011
TLDR
Both urine cotinine and NNAL are sensitive and specific biomarkers for discriminating the source of tobacco smoke exposure when biomarkers are measured while a person has ongoing exposure to tobacco smoke.
Toxicity of 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NKK) in early development: a wide-scope metabolomics assay in zebrafish embryos
TLDR
The results confirm NNK as a harmful embryonic agent and demonstrate zebrafish embryos to be a suitable early development model to monitor NNK toxicity.
Exposure to nitrosamines in thirdhand tobacco smoke increases cancer risk in non-smokers.
Consequences of Incomplete Smoke-Free Legislation in the Republic of Korea: Results from Environmental and Biochemical Monitoring: Community Based Study
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The evidence of SHS exposure in legislative smoke-free places in Korea suggests that incomplete smoke free legislation and lack of enforcement of it might not protect people from exposure to smoke.
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