Comparative cytogenetics of the African elephant (Loxodonta africana) and Asiatic elephant (Elephas maximus)
@article{Houck2001ComparativeCO, title={Comparative cytogenetics of the African elephant (Loxodonta africana) and Asiatic elephant (Elephas maximus)}, author={Marlys L. Houck and Arlene T. Kumamoto and D.S. Gallagher Jr. and Kurt Benirschke}, journal={Cytogenetic and Genome Research}, year={2001}, volume={93}, pages={249 - 252} }
G- and C-banded karyotypes of the two extant species of the mammalian order Proboscidea are presented for the first time. Chromosome complements were 2n = 56 in both Loxodonta africana and Elephas maximus. Comparisons between the species demonstrated a high level of chromosome band homology, with 26 conserved autosomal pairs. The normal diploid karyotype of L. africana had 25 acrocentric/telocentric and two metacentric/submetacentric autosomal pairs. E. maximus differed by having one less…
18 Citations
Reciprocal chromosome painting among human, aardvark, and elephant (superorder Afrotheria) reveals the likely eutherian ancestral karyotype
- BiologyProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
- 2003
The comparative chromosome maps presented between human and these Afrotherian species provide further insight into mammalian genome organization and comparative genomic data for theAfrotheria, one of the four major evolutionary clades postulated for the Eutheria.
Towards the delineation of the ancestral eutherian genome organization: comparative genome maps of human and the African elephant (Loxodonta africana) generated by chromosome painting
- BiologyProceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences
- 2003
The comparative human and elephant genome maps provide new insights into the karyotype organization of the proto–afrotherian, the ancestor of extant placental mammals, which most probably consisted of 2n = 46 chromosomes.
Chromosome painting among Proboscidea, Hyracoidea and Sirenia: support for Paenungulata (Afrotheria, Mammalia) but not Tethytheria
- Biology, Environmental ScienceProceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
- 2007
The reconstruction of an ancestral paenungulate karyotype and the estimation of rates of chromosomal evolution indicate a reduced rate of genomic repatterning following the Paenungulata radiation.
The Y Chromosome of the Atelidae Family (Platyrrhini): Study by Chromosome Microdissection
- BiologyCytogenetic and Genome Research
- 2009
The results showed that the Brachytelesarachnoides Y chromosome probe hybridized to Lagothrixlagothricha metaphases yielding one hybridization signal on only the tiny Y chromosome, and when hybridized with Atelesbelzebuthmarginatus metaphases it yielded one hybridized signal on two thirds of the small acrocentric Y chromosome.
The Chromosomes of Afrotheria and Their Bearing on Mammalian Genome Evolution
- BiologyCytogenetic and Genome Research
- 2012
Current knowledge on Afrotheria chromosomes and genome evolution suggests that further work on this apparently bizarre assemblage of mammals will provide important data to a better understanding on mammalian genome evolution.
Dynamics of vertebrate sex chromosome evolution: from equal size to giants and dwarfs
- BiologyChromosoma
- 2015
It can be concluded that, due to accumulation of repetitive DNA and transposons, the Y and W chromosomes can increase in size during the initial phase of their differentiation.
Evolution of mammal sex and sex chromosomes : the contribution of monotreme cytogenetics
- Biology
- 2008
Therian mammals (placentals and marsupials) all share an XX female: XY male sex chromosome system, and mutation analysis and transgenic experiments in placental mammals show that male development is initiated by the SRY gene located on the Y chromosome, and female development ensues in the absence of SRY.
Chromosomal polymorphism in mammals: an evolutionary perspective
- BiologyBiological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society
- 2017
The available data on chromosomal polymorphisms in mammals is reviewed to identify taxa that hold promise for developing a more comprehensive understanding of chromosomal change and several research avenues that may shed light on the role of chromosome change in the diversification of mammalian populations and species.
Production of cloned Asian elephant embryos using an interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer (iSCNT) technique
- Biology
- 2010
The study tried to improve the efficiency of iSCNT by using phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA-P) to increase the fusion rate and nocodazole to synchronize donor cells in the G1 stage of the cell cycle.
Sex Chromosomes Evolution in Mammals
- Biology
- 2012
The latest findings have revealed that mam‑ malian sex chromosomes evolved from a pair of autosome 166 million years ago and in two groups of rodents the mole vole and the Japanese spiny rat the Y chromosome has been removed completely and a new sex determination system has evolved.
References
SHOWING 1-10 OF 19 REFERENCES
Electrophoretic and chromosomal variation in captive Asian elephants (Elephas maximus)
- Biology
- 1995
Low genetic variation in the Asian elephant is probably largely due to low effective sizes of wild Asian elephant stocks and to species-specific breeding tactics, together with differences in the incidence of alleles among populations.
Mitochondrial DNA variation, phylogeography and population structure of the Asian elephant
- BiologyHeredity
- 2000
Comparison with African elephant sequences indicated a relatively slow molecular clock in the Proboscidea with a sequence divergence of ≈1%/Myr, and 17 haplotypes were identified within Asian elephants, which clustered into two well-differentiated assemblages, suggesting allopatric divergence and secondary admixture.
Chromosomes of three elephants, two Asian (Elephas maximus) and one African (Loxodonta africana).
- BiologyCytogenetics
- 1966
Cultured somatic cells of three elephants, male and female Asian ( Elephas maximus ) and female African ( Loxodonta africana ), had 56 chromosomes. Karyotypes of the
Molecular phylogenetics and the origins of placental mammals
- Biology, Environmental ScienceNature
- 2001
The potential weaknesses of limited character and taxon sampling are addressed in a comprehensive molecular phylogenetic analysis of 64 species sampled across all extant orders of placental mammals, providing new insight into the pattern of the early placental mammal radiation.
Parallel adaptive radiations in two major clades of placental mammals
- BiologyNature
- 2001
Two independent molecular data sets, having aligned lengths of DNA of 5,708 and 2,947 base pairs, respectively, are analysed for all orders of placental mammals to resolve placental orders into four groups: Xenarthra, Afrotheria, Laurasiatheria, and Euarchonta plus Glires.
Chromosome analysis in the Kruger National Park: Mitotic and meiotic studies in the African elephant loxodonta africana
- Biology
- 1978
The present report is published because of the paucity of publication on the mitotic chromosomes of the African elephant Loxodonta africana , and because it is the fisrt study in which the meiotic…
Novel endotheliotropic herpesviruses fatal for Asian and African elephants.
- BiologyScience
- 1999
Molecular evidence suggests that the Asian elephant deaths were caused by cross-species infection with a herpesvirus that is naturally latent in, but normally not lethal to, African elephants, and a reciprocal relationship may exist for the African elephant disease.
Walker's mammals of the world
- Environmental Science
- 1968
From aardwolves and bandicoots to yapoks and zorillas, Ernest P. Walker's Mammals of the World is the most comprehensive-the pre-eminent-reference work on mammals. Now, completely revised and…
Loxodonta africana (African elephant)
- Biology
- 1971
Since most chromosomes are difficult to classify, pairing is highly subjective. However, identification of the X chromosome offers no difficulty.
Elephant Dental Pulp Tissue: Where are the Nerves?
- Biology, MedicineJournal of veterinary dentistry
- 1999
Dental pulp tissue from three elephants was examined histologically with hematoxylin and eosin and s-100 protein stains. In all specimens, normal pulp was found with the exception that no nerve…