Coccydynia: a review of pathoanatomy, aetiology, treatment and outcome.

@article{Nathan2010CoccydyniaAR,
  title={Coccydynia: a review of pathoanatomy, aetiology, treatment and outcome.},
  author={Senthil T. Nathan and Brent E Fisher and Craig S. Roberts},
  journal={The Journal of bone and joint surgery. British volume},
  year={2010},
  volume={92 12},
  pages={
          1622-7
        }
}
Coccydynia is a painful disorder characterised by coccygeal pain which is typically exaggerated by pressure. It remains an unsolved mystery because of the perceived unpredictability of the origin of the pain, some psychological traits that may be associated with the disorder, the presence of diverse treatment options, and varied outcomes. A more detailed classification based on the aetiology and pathoanatomy of coccydynia helps to identify patients who may benefit from conservative and surgical… 
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Coccydynia-A comprehensive review on etiology, radiological features and management options.
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Nonsurgical management remains the gold standard treatment for coccydynia, consisting of decreased sitting, seat cushioning, coccygeal massage, stretching, and manipulation, local injection of steroids or anesthetics, and postural adjustments.
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TLDR
The first case of coccygeal dislocations is reported in a 47 year old female who slipped and fell on her buttocks six years prior and sought repeated medical treatment for the pain and discomfort she experienced with no resolution of her symptoms.
LOCAL STEROID INJECTION IN THE TREATMENT OF REFRACTORY COCCYDYNIA
TLDR
It is concluded that injecting steroid injection in patients with refractory coccydynia is a good alternative option with minimal complications.
Coccydynia - a medical condition with multiple causes and different management strategies
TLDR
Although conservative medical measures are effective for treating coccydynia, but surgical excision is still a valid treatment option in resistant cases.
The coccyx in clinical medicine
TLDR
Initial treatment begins with a coccygeal or doughnut cushion, heat, ice, and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory medications, and physical therapy and manual manipulation may also be of benefit, if there is no improvement.
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TLDR
A multidisciplinary approach employing physical therapy, ergonomic adaptations, medications, injections, and, possibly, psychotherapy leads to the greatest chance of success in patients with refractory coccyx pain.
Current Treatments for Coccydynia
TLDR
The literature on treatments of coccydynia is sparse, and mostly limited to low-quality studies, so larger, randomized studies are needed to establish clear efficacy.
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TLDR
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TLDR
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