Clostridium botulinum: A Bug with Beauty and Weapon

@article{Shukla2005ClostridiumBA,
  title={Clostridium botulinum: A Bug with Beauty and Weapon},
  author={Hem D Shukla and S. Sharma},
  journal={Critical Reviews in Microbiology},
  year={2005},
  volume={31},
  pages={11 - 18}
}
  • H. Shukla, S. Sharma
  • Published 1 January 2005
  • Biology, Medicine
  • Critical Reviews in Microbiology
Clostridium botulinum, a Gram-positive, anaerobic spore-forming bacteria, is distinguished by its significant clinical applications as well as its potential to be used as bioterror agent. [...] Key Result The bacterium harbors a 16.3 kb plasmid with a 26.8% G+C content--slightly lower than that of the chromosome.Expand
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98 Citations

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Rapid and selective detection of botulinum neurotoxin serotype-A and -B with a single immunochromatographic test strip.
TLDR
The use of a single lateral flow device that can detect and distinguish between BoNT/A and B, two of the four serotypes that are known to intoxicate humans and together represent >80% of naturally occurring illness, is described.
BOTOX and Its Effect on Wrinkles
Clostridia Botulinum (C. Botulinum) is a bacterium that produces a unique exotoxin, botulinum toxin (BTX). BTX induces flaccid muscle paralysis by inhibiting the release of acetylcholine at the…
Time-dependent botulinum neurotoxin serotype A metalloprotease inhibitors.
TLDR
The high throughput screening of a library containing 70,000 compounds, and uncovered a novel class of benzimidazole acrylonitrile-based BoNT/A LC inhibitors are reported, presenting both structure-activity relationships and a proposed mechanism of action for this novel inhibitor chemotype.
Universal and specific quantitative detection of botulinum neurotoxin genes
TLDR
A two-step PCR assay that identifies all toxin types, that achieves the specificity of the mouse bioassay while surpassing it in equivalent sensitivity, that has capability for high-throughput analysis, and that provides quantitative results within hours is reported.
Anti-apoptotic activity of hemagglutinin-33 and botulinum neurotoxin and its implications to therapeutic and countermeasure issues.
TLDR
An important observation of the anti-apoptotic effect of Hemagglutinin-33 in Hn-33-preincubated human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells is reported, which may have significant implications to the use of BoNT as a therapeutic agent, and to devise counter measures to botulinum poisoning.
Clostridium botulinum type A-virulome-gut interactions: A systems biology insight
TLDR
Type A strains are being a great concern for causing foodborne, infant and wound botulism in worldwide, and genome-scale models are being as an integrated knowledge base for detailed understanding of its host-microbe interactions during the intoxication process.
Trends in the therapy of botulism
Botulin neurotoxins are etiological agents of botulism, which is a disease manifested by peripheral neuromuscular blockage and characterized by plegia. Botulotoxin is the most toxic known substance.…
Botulinum Neurotoxin Diversity from a Gene-Centered View
TLDR
The notion that BoNTs may have specifically evolved to target vertebrates is reviewed, which provides a plausible explanation for a natural role of the toxins: to enable mass reproduction of bacteria, spores, and toxins, using toxin-unaffected invertebrates, such as fly maggots, as the vectors.
ORAL LD50 OF BOTULINUM TOXIN SEROTYPE A IN GUINEA PIGS
TLDR
The goal of this study was to assess whether fresh 2% milk provided protective qualities to Botulinum toxin serotype A (B0NT/A) against degradation in the gastrointestinal tract and if protected this would lead to half of the tested population being killed with lower doses compared to toxin delivered in a conventional delivery vehicle.
Host Response to Botulinum Neurotoxins for Developing Diagnostics and Antidotes
TLDR
Two recombinant proteins are produced - a mutant BoNT/A that lacks the endopeptidase activity, and the hemagglutinin 33 (Hn-33), the most abundant component of NAPs, to investigate host-response to the exposure of botulinum neurotoxin and its neurotoxin associated proteins.
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