Clostridium botulinum: A Bug with Beauty and Weapon

@article{Shukla2005ClostridiumBA,
  title={Clostridium botulinum: A Bug with Beauty and Weapon},
  author={Hem D Shukla and Shashi Kant Sharma},
  journal={Critical Reviews in Microbiology},
  year={2005},
  volume={31},
  pages={11 - 18},
  url={https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:2855356}
}
Abstract Clostridium botulinum, a Gram-positive, anaerobic sporeforming bacteria, is distinguished by its significant clinical applications as well as its potential to be used as bioterror agent.

Pathogenicity and virulence of Clostridium botulinum

The BoNT, regarded as the most potent biological substance known, is a zinc metalloprotease that specifically cleaves SNARE proteins at neuromuscular junctions, preventing exocytosis of neurotransmitters, leading to muscle paralysis.

A rare symptom of foodborne botulism: dysgeusia. Case report and clinical review

A clinical case of a patient who presented to us in June with typical symptoms of botulism, which consists of symptom control, mechanical respiratory support, and Botulinum Antitoxin administered intravenously, is described.

BOTOX and Its Effect on Wrinkles

The bacterial basis of Botox and its development will be discussed, and how the mechanism of action of BTX can be used therapeutically and cosmetically as well as the relevant facial anatomy will be explained.

Universal and specific quantitative detection of botulinum neurotoxin genes

A two-step PCR assay that identifies all toxin types, that achieves the specificity of the mouse bioassay while surpassing it in equivalent sensitivity, that has capability for high-throughput analysis, and that provides quantitative results within hours is reported.

Trends in the therapy of botulism

The present article summarizes the contemporary knowledge of the antibotulin compound toosendanin and finds the compound to be a selective presynaptic blocking agent.

Botulinum Neurotoxin Diversity from a Gene-Centered View

The notion that BoNTs may have specifically evolved to target vertebrates is reviewed, which provides a plausible explanation for a natural role of the toxins: to enable mass reproduction of bacteria, spores, and toxins, using toxin-unaffected invertebrates, such as fly maggots, as the vectors.
...

Antitoxin therapy for botulinum intoxication

The host species could be changed from horses to other animals such as sheep or goats, in order to lower the immunogenicity of the antiserum, and the choice of immunogen is extremely important in improving the potency of the product.

Botulism in the United States: A Clinical and Epidemiologic Review

A clinical overview of botulism is provided and the U.S. Botulism Surveillance System is described to help clinicians recognize and treat patients with mechanical ventilation and early administration of antitoxin in the event of terrorist use of botulinum toxin.

Botulism: the present status of the disease.

While infant botulism remains rare throughout the world, it has become the most frequent form of the disease in the United States in recent years.

Inhalational Poisoning by Botulinum Toxin and Inhalation Vaccination with Its Heavy-Chain Component

Both in vivo and in vitro experiments showed that the heavy-chain component of the toxin was transported across epithelial monolayers, which indicates that the structural determinants governing binding and transcytosis are found in this fragment.

Botulinum toxin: Chemistry, pharmacology, toxicity, and immunology

    M. Brin
    Chemistry, Medicine
  • 1997
Developing resistance to BTX‐A therapy, characterized by absence of any beneficial effect and by lack of muscle atrophy following the injection, is an important clinical issue and the smallest possible effective dose and longer treatement intervals may reduce the likelihood of antibody development.
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