Clinical features, diagnosis, and management of enterovirus 71

@article{Ooi2010ClinicalFD,
  title={Clinical features, diagnosis, and management of enterovirus 71},
  author={Mong How Ooi and See Chang Wong and Penny Lewthwaite and Mary Jane Cardosa and Tom Solomon},
  journal={The Lancet Neurology},
  year={2010},
  volume={9},
  pages={1097-1105}
}
Although poliomyelitis has been mostly eradicated worldwide, large outbreaks of the related enterovirus 71 have been seen in Asia-Pacific countries in the past 10 years. This virus mostly affects children, manifesting as hand, foot, and mouth disease, aseptic meningitis, poliomyelitis-like acute flaccid paralysis, brainstem encephalitis, and other severe systemic disorders, including especially pulmonary oedema and cardiorespiratory collapse. Clinical predictors of severe disease include high… 
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Enteroviruses: Enterovirus 71
TLDR
Clinical predictors of the development of severe disease include high temperature and lethargy, and a lumbar puncture may reveal pleocytosis, and PCR applied to swabs from the throat or vesicle fluid, if available, is one of the most efficient.
Enterovirus 71 infection and neurological complications
TLDR
Treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin and milrinone are recommended in cases with severe neurological complications from EV71 infection, such as brainstem encephalitis, which can cause neurogenic pulmonary hemorrhage/edema leading to death.
Enterovirus-Associated Hand-Foot and Mouth Disease and Neurological Complications in Japan and the Rest of the World
TLDR
Study in Vietnam suggest that myoclonus is a significant indicator of central nervous system (CNS) complications in EV-A71-associated HFMD cases, and surveillance and functional studies including development of antivirals and multivalent vaccines is critically important to reduce disease burden in pediatric populations.
[Neurological complications of infections with (novel) enteroviruses].
TLDR
A comprehensive supportive therapy for EV-D68 and EV-71 infections manifesting with neurological complications, namely rhombencephalitis and acute flaccid myelitis, is of major significance.
Clinico-radiological spectrum in enterovirus 71 infection involving the central nervous system in children
TLDR
Although most patients presenting with neurologic manifestations of enterovirus 71 infection had characteristic clinical features together with typical MRI findings, the clinical features were not necessarily consistent with MRI findings.
Enterovirus 71 infection and vaccines
TLDR
Developing vaccines against EV71 would be the most effective approach to prevent EV71 outbreaks and to protect against fatal complications of HFMD, focusing on current scientific and clinical progress.
Massive pulmonary hemorrhage in enterovirus 71-infected hand, foot, and mouth disease
TLDR
A fatal case of EV71-associated HFMD with sudden-onset massive pulmonary hemorrhage and suspected encephalitis is reported, involving a 12-month-old boy admitted to a primary hospital with high fever and vesicular lesions of the mouth, hands, and feet.
Virology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, and control of enterovirus 71.
TLDR
Enterovirus 71 is a major public health issue across the Asia-Pacific region and beyond, with new outbreaks occurring across Asia in regular cycles, and virus gene subgroups seem to differ in clinical epidemiological properties.
Direct Identification of Enteroviruses in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Suspected Meningitis by Nested PCR Amplification
TLDR
The developed RT-nested PCR amplification of the genomic region coding viral structural protein VP1 for direct identification of enteroviruses in clinical specimens and compared it with the existing analogs can be useful fordirect identification of Enterovirus in clinical material with the low virus loads such as CSF.
The epidemiology of non-polio enteroviruses: recent advances and outstanding questions
TLDR
Improved molecular diagnostics and genetic sequence analysis are beginning to reveal the complex dynamics of individual serotypes and genotypes, and their contribution to recent outbreaks of enterovirus-associated disease, however, the biological mechanisms underlying their emergence and transmission dynamics remain elusive.
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