Classical conditioning and expectancy in placebo hypoalgesia: A randomized controlled study in patients with atopic dermatitis and persons with healthy skin

@article{Klinger2007ClassicalCA,
  title={Classical conditioning and expectancy in placebo hypoalgesia: A randomized controlled study in patients with atopic dermatitis and persons with healthy skin},
  author={Regine Klinger and Stephanie Soost and Herta Flor and Margitta Worm},
  journal={Pain},
  year={2007},
  volume={128},
  pages={31-39}
}
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It is concluded that specifically generated targeted placebo effects can significantly increase the action of a drug (dimetindene) and should be used in clinical practice.
Classical conditioning without verbal suggestions elicits placebo analgesia and nocebo hyperalgesia
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It appears that a hidden conditioning procedure, without any explicit verbal suggestions, elicits placebo and nocebo effects, however it is found no evidence that these effects are predicted by either expectancy or fear.
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It has been suggested that conditioned placebo responses are stronger in females, and this hypothesis was investigated, and the placebo capsules were rated as effective painkillers, but this did not translate into a placebo analgesic effect.
The Underestimated Significance of Conditioning in Placebo Hypoalgesia and Nocebo Hyperalgesia
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In order to get a better insight into the mechanisms of placebo and nocebo effects in pain and the possible benefits of conditioning compared to explicit expectation, future studies should carefully distinguish both methods of induction.
How to Psychologically Minimize Scratching Impulses Benefits of Placebo Effects on Itching Using Classical Conditioning and Expectancy
Research in recent years, especially in the analgesic field, has intensively studied the placebo effect and its mechanisms. It has been shown that physical complaints can be efficiently reduced via…
Response to “Targeted Use of Placebo Effects Decreases Experimental Itch in Atopic Dermatitis Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial”
TLDR
Since the patients did not receive any food or participate in sports during the current study, there was no more or less influence by these variables on the intervention in any group, and further supplements are not necessary in the view.
Cognitive Factors Mediate Placebo Responses in Patients with House Dust Mite Allergy
TLDR
The results indicate that placebo responses in type I allergy are not primarily mediated by learning processes, but seemed to be induced by cognitive factors such as patients’ expectation, with these effects not restricted to a single evocation.
Placebo effect in children: the role of expectation and learning.
TLDR
Results showed a successful induction of placebo hypoalgesia by both mechanisms for pain ratings and heart rate acceleration, and underline the relevance of an initial pain reduction and encourage the inclusion of parents in treatment.
Expectancy and Conditioning in Placebo Analgesia: Separate or Connected Processes?
TLDR
Mediation analysis lent support to the hypothesis that the effects of conditioning on placebo analgesia may be mediated by expectancy, although the size of this indirect effect requires further study.
Placebo effects of a sham opioid solution: a randomized controlled study in patients with chronic low back pain
TLDR
It may be clinically useful to explicitly integrate placebo analgesia responses into pain management as evident in lower ratings of the patients' clinical back pain and acute pain ratings.
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