Cigarette smoking as a risk factor for other substance misuse: 10-year study of individuals with and without attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

@article{Biederman2012CigaretteSA,
  title={Cigarette smoking as a risk factor for other substance misuse: 10-year study of individuals with and without attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder},
  author={Joseph Biederman and Carter R. Petty and Paul G. Hammerness and Holly Batchelder and Stephen V. Faraone},
  journal={British Journal of Psychiatry},
  year={2012},
  volume={201},
  pages={207 - 214}
}
Background We previously documented that cigarette smoking is a risk factor for subsequent alcohol and drug misuse and dependence in adolescent girls with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Aims To revisit this hypothesis with a large longitudinal sample of both genders followed up for 10 years into young adulthood. Method We used data from two identically designed, longitudinal, case–control family studies of boys and girls with and without ADHD ascertained from psychiatric and… 
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Maternal smoking during pregnancy was found to increase the risk for smoking and a wide range of adverse psychiatric, cognitive, and functional outcomes in youth.
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A childhood diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a risk factor for psychoactive substance use disorder and nicotine dependence in adolescence and comorbid conduct disorder, but not oppositional defiant disorder, further increases the risk of developing psychoactive substances use disorder or nicotine dependence.
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A childhood diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a risk factor for psychoactive substance use disorder and nicotine dependence in adolescence and comorbid conduct disorder, but not oppositional defiant disorder, further increases the risk of developing psychoactive substances use disorder or nicotine dependence.
Prevalence and Smoking Behavior Characteristics of Nonselected Smokers With Childhood and/or Adult Self-Reported ADHD Symptoms in a Smoking-Cessation Program
Background: ADHD involves impairing core symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity in children (childhood ADHD = CH) that may persist in adulthood (adult ADHD = AD). Conflicting findings…
ADHD as a risk factor for early onset and heightened adult problem severity of illicit substance use: an accelerated gateway model.
Stimulant Treatment of ADHD and Cigarette Smoking: A Meta-Analysis
TLDR
Meta-analysis revealed a significant association between stimulant treatment and lower smoking rates, and indicated that effect sizes were larger for studies that used clinical samples, included more women, measured smoking in adolescence rather than adulthood, conceptualized stimulantreatment as consistent over time, and accounted for comorbid conduct disorder.
Substance use in young adults with ADHD: Comorbidity and symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity
Associations between childhood ADHD, gender, and adolescent alcohol and marijuana involvement: A causally informative design.
Longitudinal Smoking Patterns: Do They Predict Symptoms of ADHD in Adults?
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Longitudinal smoking patterns were associated with ADHD symptoms in adults and chronic smoking jeopardizes both physical health and the ability to fulfill adult roles as employees, family members, and friends.
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References

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ADHD is associated with early initiation of cigarette smoking in children and adolescents.
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TLDR
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TLDR
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TLDR
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TLDR
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