Chronic traumatic encephalopathy: neurodegeneration following repetitive concussive and subconcussive brain trauma

@article{Baugh2012ChronicTE,
  title={Chronic traumatic encephalopathy: neurodegeneration following repetitive concussive and subconcussive brain trauma},
  author={Christine M Baugh and Julie M. Stamm and David O. Riley and Brandon E. Gavett and Martha Elizabeth Shenton and Alexander Peter Lin and Christopher J. Nowinski and Robert C. Cantu and Ann C. McKee and Robert A. Stern},
  journal={Brain Imaging and Behavior},
  year={2012},
  volume={6},
  pages={244-254}
}
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurodegenerative disease thought to be caused, at least in part, by repetitive brain trauma, including concussive and subconcussive injuries. It is thought to result in executive dysfunction, memory impairment, depression and suicidality, apathy, poor impulse control, and eventually dementia. Beyond repetitive brain trauma, the risk factors for CTE remain unknown. CTE is neuropathologically characterized by aggregation and accumulation of… 
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Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy
TLDR
The condition shares some molecular pathologies with other neurodegenerative disorders and it appears that repetitive concussion can initiate a degenerative process involving protein misfolding that may propagate over the brain many years after the trauma.
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy: Is It Real? The Relationship Between Neurotrauma and Neurodegeneration.
TLDR
The role of injury severity, namely concussive or subconcussive injury, in the risk of development of CTE is highlighted and possible mechanisms of mitigating CTE going forward are suggested on the basis of current knowledge and potential changes to playing styles and rules.
Animal model of repetitive mild traumatic brain injury for human traumatic axonal injury and chronic traumatic encephalopathy
  • Leyan Xu
  • Medicine
    Neural regeneration research
  • 2015
TLDR
The heterogeneity of human CTE cases and the complexity of patients’ backgrounds make it difficult for scientists to specify the links between mTBI and CTE using epidemiological or clinical approaches; appropriate animal models are effective in exploring cause-and-effect relationships.
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy: historical origins and current perspective.
TLDR
An overview of the current state of knowledge of CTE is provided, including the neuropathology, clinical features, proposed clinical and pathological diagnostic criteria, potential in vivo biomarkers, known risk factors, and treatment options.
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy
Sports-related concussion has gained increased prominence, in part due to media coverage of several well-known athletes who have died from consequences of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). CTE…
Neuroimaging assessment of early and late neurobiological sequelae of traumatic brain injury: implications for CTE
TLDR
Potential neuroimaging modalities that may be capable of diagnosing CTE in vivo through the detection of tau and other known pathological features are discussed.
CHRONIC TRAUMATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY AND THE FUTURE OF FOOTBALL
TLDR
Future programs, such as Return to Play (RTP) guidelines, must more effectively prevent and treat concussions in professional athletes, and especially in youth athletes.
Clinical subtypes of chronic traumatic encephalopathy: literature review and proposed research diagnostic criteria for traumatic encephalopathy syndrome
TLDR
Proposed research criteria for traumatic encephalopathy syndrome (TES) which consist of four variants or subtypes ( TES behavioral/mood variant, TES cognitive variant,TES mixed variant, and TES dementia) as well as classifications of ‘probable CTE’ and ‘possible Cte’ are presented.
Neuroimaging in repetitive brain trauma
TLDR
Advanced neuroimaging methods used to investigate RBT are reviewed, including diffusion tensor imaging, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, functional magnetic resonance imaging, susceptibility weighted imaging, and positron emission tomography, to provide insight into RBT.
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy: Connecting Mechanisms to Diagnosis and Treatment
TLDR
Although CTE appears to be most prevalent among American football athletes, it is not restricted to this group of individuals and any individual who has been subjected to extensive brain injury throughout their life can develop CTE.
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References

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TLDR
Given the millions of youth, high school, collegiate, and professional athletes participating in contact sports that involve repetitive brain trauma, as well as military personnel exposed to repeated brain trauma from blast and other injuries in the military, CTE represents an important public health issue.
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TLDR
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TLDR
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TLDR
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TLDR
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TLDR
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TLDR
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TLDR
This case provides the first autopsy evidence of neuropathological abnormalities that accompany CTE in professional American wrestlers with Apolipoprotein E (apoE) genotyping.
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