Choking under pressure: self-consciousness and paradoxical effects of incentives on skillful performance.

@article{Baumeister1984ChokingUP,
  title={Choking under pressure: self-consciousness and paradoxical effects of incentives on skillful performance.},
  author={R. Baumeister},
  journal={Journal of personality and social psychology},
  year={1984},
  volume={46 3},
  pages={
          610-20
        }
}
  • R. Baumeister
  • Published 1984
  • Psychology, Medicine
  • Journal of personality and social psychology
    • Choking under pressure is defined as performance decrements under circumstances that increase the importance of good or improved performance. A model for choking on coordination and skill tasks is proposed, holding that the pressure increases the conscious attention to the performer's own process of performance and that this increased conscious attention disrupts the automatic or overlearned nature of the execution. Six experiments provided data consistent with this model. Three studies showed… CONTINUE READING
    View on PubMed
    doi.org
    1,268 Citations
    Highly Influencial Citations
    179
    Background Citations
    670
    Methods Citations
    59
    Results Citations
    62

    Topics from this paper

    Explore Further: Topics Discussed in This Paper

      1,268 Citations
      Citation Type

      Citation Type

      A review of paradoxical performance effects: Choking under pressure in sports and mental tests
      • 373
      Attentional Processes and Choking under Pressure
      • 7
      Choking under pressure: the neuropsychological mechanisms of incentive-induced performance decrements
      • Rongjun Yu
      • Psychology, Medicine
      • Front. Behav. Neurosci.
      • 2015
      • 26
      • PDF
      Thinking about Choking? Attentional Processes and Paradoxical Performance
      • 340
      Self-Consciousness and Performance Decrements Within a Sporting Context
      • 37
      Limiting motor skill knowledge via incidental training protects against choking under pressure
      • 8
      • PDF
      On the fragility of skilled performance: what governs choking under pressure?
      • S. Beilock, T. Carr
      • Psychology, Medicine
      • Journal of experimental psychology. General
      • 2001
      • 952
      • PDF
      Choking under pressure: multiple routes to skill failure.
      • 191
      • Highly Influenced
      • PDF
      Self-Consciousness, Self-presentation, and Performance Under Pressure: Who Chokes, and When?
      • 30
      Choking on the Money
      • 85
      • PDF

      References

      SHOWING 1-10 OF 25 REFERENCES
      Competition in Motor Performance: An Experimental Analysis of Motivational Components.
      • 39
      When practice makes imperfect: debilitating effects of overlearning.
      • 77
      Competition of internal and external information in an exercise setting.
      • 297
      Public and private self-consciousness: Assessment and theory.
      • 3,353
      • PDF
      Test anxiety and direction of attention.
      • J. Wine
      • Psychology, Medicine
      • Psychological bulletin
      • 1971
      • 1,017
      • PDF
      Evaluation potential as a determinant of coaction effects
      • 105
      Test anxiety, stress, and social support
      • 72
      Escape and Avoidance Conditioning in Human Subjects without Their Observation of the Response
      • 190
      Pygmalion and galatea: The interactive effect of teacher and student expectancies
      • 61
      The effect of spectator presence on gymnastic performance in a field situation
      • 26
      • PDF