Childhood sex-typed behavior and sexual orientation: A conceptual analysis and quantitative review.
@article{Bailey1995ChildhoodSB, title={Childhood sex-typed behavior and sexual orientation: A conceptual analysis and quantitative review.}, author={J. Michael Bailey and Kenneth J. Zucker}, journal={Developmental Psychology}, year={1995}, volume={31}, pages={43-55} }
This article reviewed research examining the association between childhood sex-typed behavior and sexual orientation. Prospective studies suggest that childhood cross-sex-typed behavior is strongly predictive of adult homosexual orientation for men; analogous studies for women have not been performed. Though methodologically more problematic, retrospective studies are useful in determining how many homosexual individuals displayed cross-sex behavior in childhood. The relatively large body of…
672 Citations
Childhood Gender-Typed Behavior and Adolescent Sexual Orientation: A Longitudinal Population-Based Study
- PsychologyDevelopmental psychology
- 2017
Results suggest that the factors contributing to the link between childhood gender-typed behavior and sexual orientation emerge during early development, and some of those factors are likely to be nonsocial, because nonheterosexual individuals appear to diverge from gender norms regardless of social encouragement to conform to gender roles.
Retrospectively measured individual differences in childhood sex-typed behavior among gay men: Correspondence between self- and maternal reports
- PsychologyArchives of sexual behavior
- 1995
Results of structural modeling analyses found that mothers' and sons' reports were significantly associated, both regarding the general level of sex-typed behavior and the specific behaviors, supporting the validity of retrospectively measured individual differences for those characteristics.
Common Genetic Effects of Gender Atypical Behavior in Childhood and Sexual Orientation in Adulthood: A Study of Finnish Twins
- PsychologyArchives of sexual behavior
- 2010
Quantitative genetic analyses showed that variation in both childhood gender atypical behavior and adult sexual orientation was partly due to genetics, with the rest being explained by nonshared environmental effects.
Gender variance in childhood and sexual orientation in adulthood: a prospective study.
- PsychologyThe journal of sexual medicine
- 2013
This study clearly showed a significant association between childhood gender variance and a homosexual sexual orientation in adulthood in the general population.
Sexual Orientation and Gender Typicality of the Occupation in Young Adulthood
- Psychology
- 2013
Previous research has shown that sexual minorities are more likely than heterosexuals to work in occupations that are atypical for their genders. This study seeks to extend the literature by…
Sexual orientation and neurocognitive ability: A meta-analysis in men and women
- Psychology, BiologyNeuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
- 2017
In Search of Emerging Same-Sex Sexuality: Romantic Attractions at Age 13 Years
- PsychologyArchives of sexual behavior
- 2016
Childhood sex-typed behavior did not significantly predict early same-sex attractions, suggesting that earlySame- sex attractions differ from later same- sex orientations, suggesting the importance of studying the development of sexuality beginning prior to adulthood.
Psychiatric Symptoms and Same-Sex Sexual Attraction and Behavior in Light of Childhood Gender Atypical Behavior and Parental Relationships
- PsychologyJournal of sex research
- 2009
The findings suggest that childhood GAB is related to later distress both among hetero- and homosexual individuals and to the elevated level of psychological distress among homosexual individuals.
Sexual Strategies Across Sexual Orientations
- Psychology
- 2007
Abstract The psychological intersection of biological sex, personality, and sexual orientation represents a unique prospect for investigating the evolution of human mating strategies. Evolved sex…
References
SHOWING 1-10 OF 140 REFERENCES
Adult sexual orientation in relation to memories of childhood gender conforming and gender nonconforming behaviors
- PsychologyArchives of sexual behavior
- 1992
Childhood scripts as recalled by homosexual men were considerably more diverse than those of heterosexual men, which has implications not only for commentaries on the basis for homosexuality but for issues to be addressed in future research.
Opposite Sex Behaviours Correlate with Degree of Homosexual Feelings in the Predominantly Heterosexual
- Psychology, MedicineThe Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry
- 1991
Evidence of a dimensional relationship between opposite sex-linked behaviours in childhood and degree of homosexual feeling in adulthood renders irrational the classification of such behaviours as a gender identity disorder of childhood when homosexuality in adults is not regarded as a disorder.
Sex-Role Socialization
- Psychology
- 1980
The development of sex-role behavior in children has been studied extensively in North America over the past five decades. Interest in this aspect of early childhood socialization originally derived…
Effects of recalled childhood gender nonconformity on adult genitoerotic role and AIDS exposure
- PsychologyArchives of sexual behavior
- 1992
The connections between childhood gender nonconformity and adult genitoerotic role (assessed by a sex history) and the FGI are significantly associated with preferences for receptive anal intercourse and, less clearly, with oral-anal contact — but not with Oral-genital intercourse or insertive anal intercourse.
Childhood play activities of male and female homosexuals and heterosexuals
- PsychologyArchives of sexual behavior
- 1982
Scale and item mean comparisons revealed large significant differences between heterosexual males and females, male homosexuals and heterosexuals, and female homosexuals andheterosexuals.
Familial aggregation of female sexual orientation
- Psychology, Medicine
- 1993
Female homosexuality appears to be familial, and further research is required to resolve the question of whether female and male homosexuality are cofamilial.
Childhood cross-gender behavior of homosexual females in Brazil, Peru, the Philippines, and the United States
- PsychologyArchives of sexual behavior
- 1991
Rejection of certain gender-typical activities and interests, as well as involvement in cross-gendered activities and interest, seem to be consistent precursors of adult sexual orientation regardless of the cultural context in which these behaviors emerge.
Familial aggregation of female sexual orientation.
- Psychology, MedicineThe American journal of psychiatry
- 1993
Female homosexuality appears to be familial, and further research is required to resolve the question of whether female and male homosexuality are cofamilial.
Parent-child relationships and sexual identity in male and female homosexuals and heterosexuals.
- PsychologyJournal of consulting and clinical psychology
- 1973
Reports of reported parent-child relations and sexual identity among prehomosexual females and the relations of these interactions with later sexual identity are included.
Gender characteristics and adjustment: a longitudinal study.
- PsychologyJournal of personality and social psychology
- 1992
Findings support a multidimensional view of gender and indicate that harsher consequences follow when adolescent boys endorse nontraditional gender-related interests and undesirable traits than when girls do so.