Childhood sex-typed behavior and sexual orientation: A conceptual analysis and quantitative review.

@article{Bailey1995ChildhoodSB,
  title={Childhood sex-typed behavior and sexual orientation: A conceptual analysis and quantitative review.},
  author={J. Bailey and K. Zucker},
  journal={Developmental Psychology},
  year={1995},
  volume={31},
  pages={43-55}
}
This article reviewed research examining the association between childhood sex-typed behavior and sexual orientation. Prospective studies suggest that childhood cross-sex-typed behavior is strongly predictive of adult homosexual orientation for men; analogous studies for women have not been performed. Though methodologically more problematic, retrospective studies are useful in determining how many homosexual individuals displayed cross-sex behavior in childhood. The relatively large body of… Expand
View via Publisher
faculty.wcas.northwestern.edu
643 Citations
Highly Influential Citations
43
Background Citations
281
Methods Citations
23
Results Citations
33

Figures and Tables from this paper

643 Citations

Citation Type

Citation Type

Childhood Gender-Typed Behavior and Adolescent Sexual Orientation: A Longitudinal Population-Based Study
TLDR
Results suggest that the factors contributing to the link between childhood gender-typed behavior and sexual orientation emerge during early development, and some of those factors are likely to be nonsocial, because nonheterosexual individuals appear to diverge from gender norms regardless of social encouragement to conform to gender roles. Expand
Retrospectively measured individual differences in childhood sex-typed behavior among gay men: Correspondence between self- and maternal reports
TLDR
Results of structural modeling analyses found that mothers' and sons' reports were significantly associated, both regarding the general level of sex-typed behavior and the specific behaviors, supporting the validity of retrospectively measured individual differences for those characteristics. Expand
Common Genetic Effects of Gender Atypical Behavior in Childhood and Sexual Orientation in Adulthood: A Study of Finnish Twins
TLDR
Quantitative genetic analyses showed that variation in both childhood gender atypical behavior and adult sexual orientation was partly due to genetics, with the rest being explained by nonshared environmental effects. Expand
Gender variance in childhood and sexual orientation in adulthood: a prospective study.
TLDR
This study clearly showed a significant association between childhood gender variance and a homosexual sexual orientation in adulthood in the general population. Expand
Sexual Orientation and Gender Typicality of the Occupation in Young Adulthood
Previous research has shown that sexual minorities are more likely than heterosexuals to work in occupations that are atypical for their genders. This study seeks to extend the literature by… Expand
Is Developmental Change in Gender-Typed Behavior Associated With Adult Sexual Orientation?
TLDR
This is the first study to use population representative data to study gender-typed behavior both prospectively and at multiple time points from adolescence to adulthood, and to consider how such behavior is related to adult sexual orientation. Expand
Sexual orientation and neurocognitive ability: A meta-analysis in men and women
TLDR
The cross‐sex‐shift hypothesis predicts that homosexual men and women will be similar in certain neurobehavioral traits to their opposite‐sex counterparts and should perform in the direction of heterosexual women and homosexual women on neurocognitive tests that show normative sex differences. Expand
In Search of Emerging Same-Sex Sexuality: Romantic Attractions at Age 13 Years
  • Gu Li, M. Hines
  • Psychology, Medicine
  • Archives of sexual behavior
  • 2016
TLDR
Childhood sex-typed behavior did not significantly predict early same-sex attractions, suggesting that earlySame- sex attractions differ from later same- sex orientations, suggesting the importance of studying the development of sexuality beginning prior to adulthood. Expand
Psychiatric Symptoms and Same-Sex Sexual Attraction and Behavior in Light of Childhood Gender Atypical Behavior and Parental Relationships
TLDR
The findings suggest that childhood GAB is related to later distress both among hetero- and homosexual individuals and to the elevated level of psychological distress among homosexual individuals. Expand
Sexual Strategies Across Sexual Orientations
Abstract The psychological intersection of biological sex, personality, and sexual orientation represents a unique prospect for investigating the evolution of human mating strategies. Evolved sex… Expand
...
1
2
3
4
5
...

References

SHOWING 1-10 OF 145 REFERENCES
Adult sexual orientation in relation to memories of childhood gender conforming and gender nonconforming behaviors
TLDR
Childhood scripts as recalled by homosexual men were considerably more diverse than those of heterosexual men, which has implications not only for commentaries on the basis for homosexuality but for issues to be addressed in future research. Expand
Opposite Sex Behaviours Correlate with Degree of Homosexual Feelings in the Predominantly Heterosexual
TLDR
Evidence of a dimensional relationship between opposite sex-linked behaviours in childhood and degree of homosexual feeling in adulthood renders irrational the classification of such behaviours as a gender identity disorder of childhood when homosexuality in adults is not regarded as a disorder. Expand
Sex-Role Socialization
The development of sex-role behavior in children has been studied extensively in North America over the past five decades. Interest in this aspect of early childhood socialization originally derived… Expand
Effects of recalled childhood gender nonconformity on adult genitoerotic role and AIDS exposure
TLDR
The connections between childhood gender nonconformity and adult genitoerotic role (assessed by a sex history) and the FGI are significantly associated with preferences for receptive anal intercourse and, less clearly, with oral-anal contact — but not with Oral-genital intercourse or insertive anal intercourse. Expand
Childhood play activities of male and female homosexuals and heterosexuals
TLDR
Scale and item mean comparisons revealed large significant differences between heterosexual males and females, male homosexuals and heterosexuals, and female homosexuals andheterosexuals. Expand
Familial aggregation of female sexual orientation
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether female homosexuality is familial and whether it is cofamilial with male homosexuality. METHOD: Subjects included 84 homosexual and 79… Expand
The young child's gender schema: environmental input, internal organization.
: The relation among children's ability to apply gender labels, their tendency to emit sex-typed behavior, and their parents' attitudes and reactions toward sex-typed behaviors was studied. The… Expand
Childhood cross-gender behavior of homosexual females in Brazil, Peru, the Philippines, and the United States
TLDR
Rejection of certain gender-typical activities and interests, as well as involvement in cross-gendered activities and interest, seem to be consistent precursors of adult sexual orientation regardless of the cultural context in which these behaviors emerge. Expand
Familial aggregation of female sexual orientation.
TLDR
Female homosexuality appears to be familial, and further research is required to resolve the question of whether female and male homosexuality are cofamilial. Expand
Parent-child relationships and sexual identity in male and female homosexuals and heterosexuals.
TLDR
Reports of reported parent-child relations and sexual identity among prehomosexual females and the relations of these interactions with later sexual identity are included. Expand
...
1
2
3
4
5
...