Characterization of the Human Papillomavirus 16 E8 Promoter

@article{Straub2015CharacterizationOT,
  title={Characterization of the Human Papillomavirus 16 E8 Promoter},
  author={Elke Straub and Jasmin Fertey and Marcel Dreer and Thomas Iftner and Frank Stubenrauch},
  journal={Journal of Virology},
  year={2015},
  volume={89},
  pages={7304 - 7313}
}
ABSTRACT Persistent infections with certain human papillomaviruses (HPV) such as HPV16 are a necessary risk factor for the development of anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers. HPV16 genomes replicate as low-copy-number plasmids in the nucleus of undifferentiated keratinocytes, which requires the viral E1 and E2 replication proteins. The HPV16 E8^E2C (or E8^E2) protein limits genome replication by repressing both viral transcription and the E1/E2-dependent DNA replication. How E8^E2C expression… 
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Control of viral replication and transcription by the papillomavirus E8^E2 protein.
Interaction of NCOR/SMRT Repressor Complexes with Papillomavirus E8^E2C Proteins Inhibits Viral Replication
TLDR
The data suggest that the repressive function of E8^E2C is highly conserved among HPV and that it is mediated by an E8-dependent interaction with NCoR/SMRT complexes.
Functions of Papillomavirus E8^E2 Proteins in Tissue Culture and In Vivo
TLDR
Tissue culture experiments have revealed that E8^E2 modulates long-term maintenance of extrachromosomal genomes, productive replication, and immortalization properties in a virus type-dependent manner, and in vivo experiments have indicated that Mus musculus PV1 E8+E2 is required for tumor formation in immune-deficient mice.
Stochastic Modeling of the Co-Regulation between Early and E8 Promoters in Human Papillomavirus
  • A. Giaretta
  • Biology
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  • 2018
TLDR
The model shows how the E8 co-regulation is capable to reject the stochastic noise of E2 gene expression to a higher extent than the early promoter negative auto-feedback, which proves the capability of the E 8 promoter to finely control the HPV genomes copy number.
Identification and Functional Characterization of Phosphorylation Sites of the Human Papillomavirus 31 E8^E2 Protein
TLDR
The data suggest that phosphorylation of S78 in E8^E2 regulates its repression activity by a novel mechanism, and this seems to be important for the modulation of host cell gene expression but not viral replication.
Contribution of HDAC3 to transcriptional repression by the human papillomavirus 31 E8^E2 protein.
TLDR
Evidence is provided that transcriptional repression by HPV31 E8^E2 is NCoR/SMRT-dependent but surprisingly always HDAC3-independent when analysing different HPV promoters.
Restriction of viral gene expression and replication prevents immortalization of human keratinocytes by a beta-human papillomavirus
TLDR
It is shown that immortalization of keratinocytes by the beta-HPV49 genome requires the inactivation of the viral E8^E2 repressor protein and the presence of the E6 and E7 oncoproteins but also of theE1 and E2 replication proteins.
HPV16 and HPV18 Genome Structure, Expression, and Post-Transcriptional Regulation
TLDR
The genome structures and the updated transcription maps of HPV16 and HPV18 are discussed, and the latest research advances in understanding RNA cis-elements, intron branch point sequences, and RNA-binding proteins in the regulation of viral RNA processing are discussed.
Cottontail Rabbit Papillomavirus E1 and E2 Proteins Mutually Influence Their Subcellular Localizations
TLDR
The studies have uncovered that E1 and E2 control each other's subcellular localization: direct binding of E2 to E1 can direct E1 to the nucleus independently from the E1 NLS, and E1Can direct E2to the nucleus without an intact NLS or direct binding to E2.
Keratinocyte Differentiation-Dependent Human Papillomavirus Gene Regulation
TLDR
Current knowledge of how HPV late gene expression is regulated is discussed, which includes how viral genome amplification, virion formation, and release into the environment from the surface of the epithelium are regulated.
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References

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TLDR
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TLDR
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TLDR
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TLDR
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TLDR
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