Challenges and strategies: The immune responses in gene therapy

@article{Zhou2004ChallengesAS,
  title={Challenges and strategies: The immune responses in gene therapy},
  author={Hai-sheng Zhou and De-Pei Liu and Chih-Chuan Liang},
  journal={Medicinal Research Reviews},
  year={2004},
  volume={24}
}
The host immune responses, including T lymphocytes mediated immune response and humoral immune responses are the important parts of the challenges in gene therapy. There are some potential immunostimulants in gene delivery systems, such as viral and non‐viral vectors. Viral gene products, transgene products, viral proteins derived from viral particles required by dead‐end infection, and CpG DNA in plasmid may play important roles in inducing the host immune responses when foreign genes are… 
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Various chemical modification strategies to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of viral vectors delivered either locally or systemically are discussed, highlighting the salient features of various nanomaterial-coated viral vectors and their prospects and directions for future research.
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The data indicate that antitransgene immune response can be modulated by transgene-expressing APCs possibly through deletion of effector T cells, and demonstrate that neither increasing the endogenous pool of natural Tregs nor transferring nTregs selected in a transGene- expressing thymus can modulate the immune response and mediate sustained transgenes expression.
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Findings indicate that NR/CB1954-mediated tumour cell death is a weakly immunogenic process that facilitates short-term antitumour CD8\(^+\) T cell responses.
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Hopes are provided that free ligand can be used to effectively mediate cellular processes to overcome some of the obstacles limiting the success of gene therapy as well as to develop more efficient nonviral vectors.
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TLDR
Minimal vectors, which are devoid of the bacterial backbone and consist exclusively of the eukaryotic expression cassette, demonstrate better performance in terms of expression levels, bioavailability, transfection rates and increased therapeutic effects.
TOWARDS THE RATIONAL DESIGN AND APPLICATION OF POLYMERS FOR GENE THERAPY: INTERNALIZATION AND INTRACELLULAR FATE
TLDR
The overall goal of this work is to contribute to the design and application of novel nanoparticles for gene delivery and offer insight into the engineering of novel polyplexes.
Barriers and recent advances in non-viral vectors targeting the lungs for cystic fibrosis gene therapy
TLDR
This review paper was conduct to highlight the barriers faced by non-viral vectors when carrying a genetic payload to the lungs and the investigation of the strategies and different types of modifications targeted toward the improvement of the efficiency of non-Viral vectors.
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Data suggest that the PreS1 peptide is involved in viral attachment to the cell surface, and represents a potential approach for the targeting of lentiviral vectors to specific cell types.
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