Cellular Retinoic Acid Bioavailability Determines Epithelial Integrity: Role of Retinoic Acid Receptor α Agonists in Colitis

@article{Osanai2007CellularRA,
  title={Cellular Retinoic Acid Bioavailability Determines Epithelial Integrity: Role of Retinoic Acid Receptor $\alpha$ Agonists in Colitis},
  author={Makoto Osanai and Nami Nishikiori and Masaki Murata and Hideki Chiba and Takashi Kojima and Norimasa Sawada},
  journal={Molecular Pharmacology},
  year={2007},
  volume={71},
  pages={250 - 258}
}
The epithelial barrier is determined primarily by intercellular tight junctions (TJs). We have demonstrated previously that all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) plays an important role in forming functional TJs through a specific retinoic acid receptor (RAR)/retinoid X receptor heterodimer in epithelial cells. However, the physiological relevance of retinoic acids (RAs) in maintaining the epithelial integrity remains to be examined. Here, we show that several types of RA, including atRA, promote the… 
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Cellular retinoic acid bioavailability in various pathologies and its therapeutic implication

RA normalized retinal astrocytes that are compromised in diabetes, resulting in suppression of vascular leakiness and attenuated the loss of the epithelial barrier in murine experimental colitis, implying the potential feasibility of a therapeutic strategy targeting the stellate cell system.

Retinoic acid promotes barrier functions in human iPSC-derived intestinal epithelial monolayers.

Checkpoint Kinase 1 Activation Enhances Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Function via Regulation of Claudin-5 Expression

The results suggest that Chk1 activation by daunorubicin and rebeccamycin induced claudin-5 expression and enhanced TJ barrier function in Caco-2 cell monolayer, which suggests a link between DNA damage and TJ integrity in the human intestine.

Expression of claudins -2 and -4 and cingulin is coordinated with the start of stratification and differentiation in corneal epithelial cells: retinoic acid reversibly disrupts epithelial barrier

The results suggest that TJ assembly is tightly linked to the expression of corneal epithelial terminal phenotype, and TER increases mainly depend on TJ assembly.

Inhibitory effects of retinoic acid receptor alpha stimulants on murine cataractogenesis through suppression of deregulated calpains.

Results showed that a certain type of RA inhibits Ca(2+) elevation and subsequent overactivation of calpains, suggesting the potential feasibility of calpain-targeting therapies mediated by RA for cataract.

Retinoic acid signalling adjusts tight junction permeability in response to air-liquid interface conditions.

All Trans-Retinoic Acids Facilitate the Remodeling of 2D and 3D Cultured Human Conjunctival Fibroblasts

The findings reported in this study indicate that ATRA may exacerbate both superficial and vertical conjunctival fibrosis spreading independently of TGF-β2-induced changes.

Retinoic acid production by intestinal dendritic cells.

Retinoid Signaling in Intestinal Epithelial Cells Is Essential for Early Survival From Gastrointestinal Infection

Retinoid signaling in the IEC was crucial for the A– host to survive early infection following C. rodentium infection, and treating A– mice with retinoic acid beginning on the day of infection protects most mice from early lethality.

Alterations of Intercellular Junctions in Peritoneal Mesothelial Cells from Patients Undergoing Dialysis: Effect of Retinoic Acid

The HT monolayer has lower TER than LT, which might be associated with the peritoneal permeability in these patients, and ATRA might be a therapeutic alternative to maintain mesothelial integrity, since it improved TJ localization and expression.
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