Cell-mediated immune responses in healthy children with a history of subclinical infection with Japanese encephalitis virus: analysis of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell target specificities by intracellular delivery of viral proteins using the human immunodeficiency virus Tat protein transduction domain.

@article{Kumar2004CellmediatedIR,
  title={Cell-mediated immune responses in healthy children with a history of subclinical infection with Japanese encephalitis virus: analysis of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell target specificities by intracellular delivery of viral proteins using the human immunodeficiency virus Tat protein transduction domain.},
  author={Priti Kumar and Venkatramana D Krishna and Paramadevanapalli Sulochana and Gejjehalli Nirmala and Maganti Haridattatreya and Vijaya Satchidanandam},
  journal={The Journal of general virology},
  year={2004},
  volume={85 Pt 2},
  pages={
          471-82
        }
}
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus of the family Flaviviridae, is the major cause of paediatric encephalitis in Asia. The high incidence of subclinical infections in Japanese encephalitis-endemic areas and subsequent evasion of encephalitis points to the development of immune responses against JEV. Humoral responses play a central role in protection against JEV; however, cell-mediated immune responses contributing to this end are not fully understood… 
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Pathogenic and vaccine strains of Japanese encephalitis virus elicit different levels of human macrophage effector functions
TLDR
Reduction in infectious virion production and increased sensitivity of SA14-14-2 towards interferon in MDMs could potentially play a role in limiting viral spread to additional target tissues.
The Memory T Cell Response to West Nile Virus in Symptomatic Humans following Natural Infection Is Not Influenced by Age and Is Dominated by a Restricted Set of CD8+ T Cell Epitopes1
TLDR
The relative hierarchy of T cell reactivities in all patients showed a fixed pattern that was sustained throughout the 12-mo period of the current study, and this data provide important new insight into the T cell response against WNV in humans.
Immunobiology of Japanese Encephalitis Virus
TLDR
Understanding of the immunological responses that lead to recovery from infection with JEV and account for vaccine-mediated protection is important in the design of rational approaches to new treatments and vaccines against the disease, and will be the focus of this review.
Virus-Specific Cytolytic Antibodies to Nonstructural Protein 1 of Japanese Encephalitis Virus Effect Reduction of Virus Output from Infected Cells
TLDR
The presence of nonstructural protein 1 (NS1)-specific antibodies in a significant proportion of convalescent-phase human serum samples obtained from a cohort in an area where Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is endemic provides a strong case for inclusion of the NS1 protein in next generation of JEV vaccines.
Activated CD56(+) lymphocytes (NK+NKT) mediate immunomodulatory and anti-viral effects during Japanese encephalitis virus infection of dendritic cells in-vitro.
Japanese encephalitis virus infection.
Design and characterization of polytope construct with multiple B and TH epitopes of Japanese encephalitis virus.
The role of macrophages and anti-viral antibodies in West Nile virus pathogenesis
TLDR
The ability of WNV to productively infect horse monocytes, CD4+ T lymphocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages is demonstrated, as well as high titers of virus in blood and spleen, which suggest that this virus spreads from subcutaneous tissue to the brain by a hematogenous route.
Japanese Encephalitis Vaccines
TLDR
The basis for the remarkable success of JEV vaccines is queries, not least of which may be the ease of protecting against encephalitis caused by JEV, and the true test of the ingenuity of those dedicated to the pursuit of viral vaccines would be success against viral diseases such as HIV-AIDS and dengue that pose a far greater challenge to scientists.
Conserved amino acids 193-324 of non-structural protein 3 are a dominant source of peptide determinants for CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in a healthy Japanese encephalitis virus-endemic cohort.
TLDR
Analysis of variability of the NS3 protein sequence across 16 JEV isolates revealed complete identity of aa 219-318, which is contained within the above segment, suggesting that NS3-specific epitopes tend to cluster in relatively conserved regions that harbour functionally critical domains of the protein.
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