Caspase-independent cell death

@article{Kroemer2005CaspaseindependentCD,
  title={Caspase-independent cell death},
  author={Guido Kroemer and Seamus J. Martin},
  journal={Nature Medicine},
  year={2005},
  volume={11},
  pages={725-730}
}
Caspase activation has been frequently viewed as synonymous with apoptotic cell death; however, caspases can also contribute to processes that do not culminate in cell demise. Moreover, inhibition of caspases can have cytoprotective effects. In a number of different models, caspase inhibition does not maintain cellular viability and instead shifts the morphology of death from apoptosis to nonapoptotic pathways. Here, we explore the contribution of caspases to cell death, either as upstream… 
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It is found that a concomitant depletion of glucose, nutrients and growth factors provoked cell death in a variety of cell lines and was contingent upon caspase activation and was mediated by BAX/BAK proteins, thus indicating its apoptotic nature and the engagement of an intrinsic pathway.
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A growing body of new evidence suggests that cell death regulators also have ‘day jobs’ in healthy cells and caspases, mitochondrial fission proteins and pro-death Bcl-2 family proteins appear to have normal cellular functions that promote cell survival.
Pathways to caspase activation
TLDR
The current understanding of several pathways to activate caspases and some key proteins related to these pathways are discussed, which are essential for tissue homeostasis.
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