Cardiovascular events associated with rofecoxib in a colorectal adenoma chemoprevention trial.

@article{Bresalier2005CardiovascularEA,
  title={Cardiovascular events associated with rofecoxib in a colorectal adenoma chemoprevention trial.},
  author={Robert S. Bresalier and Robert S. Sandler and Hui Quan and James A. Bolognese and Bettina Oxenius and Kevin J. Horgan and Christopher R. Lines and Robert H Riddell and Dion G. Morton and {\'A}ngel Lanas and Marvin A. Konstam and John A. Baron},
  journal={The New England journal of medicine},
  year={2005},
  volume={352 11},
  pages={
          1092-102
        }
}
BACKGROUND Selective inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) may be associated with an increased risk of thrombotic events, but only limited long-term data have been available for analysis. We report on the cardiovascular outcomes associated with the use of the selective COX-2 inhibitor rofecoxib in a long-term, multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial designed to determine the effect of three years of treatment with rofecoxib on the risk of recurrent neoplastic polyps of… 
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2,412 Citations

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TLDR
Among patients with a history of colorectal adenomas, the long-term use of 25 mg/day of rofecoxib was associated with an increased risk of clinically relevant upper gastrointestinal events when compared with placebo.
COX 2 inhibitors, traditional NSAIDs, and the heart
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Rofecoxib had been marketed as the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) of choice because selective inhibition of the isoform 2 of the cyclooxygenase (COX 2) enzyme made it highly effective but free from gastrointestinal toxicity.
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Cardiovascular events associated with the long-term use of NSAIDs: a review of randomized controlled trials and observational studies
TLDR
Results are ambiguous: long-term exposure seemed associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction or stroke with high-dose rofecoxib, and perhaps diclofenac, but less with other NSAIDs, since most NSAIDs are rarely used long term.
Relative Thromboembolic Risks Associated with COX-2 Inhibitors
  • S. Jones
  • Medicine
    The Annals of pharmacotherapy
  • 2005
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical literature on cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors to determine whether a greater incidence of thromboembolic events is universal within the drug class. DATA SOURCES…
Effect of Celecoxib on Cardiovascular Events and Blood Pressure in Two Trials for the Prevention of Colorectal Adenomas
Background— Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors have been shown to reduce colorectal adenomas but have been associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Methods and Results— The Adenoma Prevention…
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