Cardiovascular disease in Down syndrome

@article{Versacci2018CardiovascularDI,
  title={Cardiovascular disease in Down syndrome},
  author={Paolo Versacci and Duccio Di Carlo and Maria Cristina Digilio and Bruno Marino},
  journal={Current Opinion in Pediatrics},
  year={2018},
  volume={30},
  pages={616–622}
}
Purpose of review In the last 40 years, with a better understanding of cardiac defects, and with the improved results of cardiac surgery, the life expectancy of persons with Down syndrome has significantly increased. This review article reports on advances in knowledge of cardiac defects and cardiovascular system of persons with trisomy 21. Recent findings New insights into the genetics of this syndrome have improved our understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms of cardiac defects. Recent… 
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Differences in morbidity and mortality in Down syndrome are related to the type of congenital heart defect
TLDR
It seems that particularly multiple complex defects in univentricular physiology associate with a worse outcome among atypical CHDs, and further studies need to address this specific issue, also considering the higher pulmonary pressures, infective complications, and potential comorbidities in DS patients.
Congenital heart disease in Down syndrome – A review of temporal changes
TLDR
To further improve knowledge on CHD in DS, it is suggested that future studies cover a wide range of nations and regions, with a longitudinal design, and account for potential confounding factors.
Congenital heart defects associated with aneuploidy syndromes: New insights into familiar associations
TLDR
The type and frequency of CHDs in the aneuploidy syndromes involving trisomy 13, 18, 21, and 22, and in several sex chromosome abnormalities are updated and clinicians are encouraged to view the cardiac diagnosis as a “phenotype” which supplements the external dysmorphology examination.
Cardiac disease in Down Syndrome: literature review and international expert consensus in collaboration with Down Syndrome International (DSi)
TLDR
The aim of this collaboration is to describe best clinical practice, focusing on 10 key areas relating to Down syndrome and cardiac disease, from prenatal diagnosis to the care of patients in areas of differing resource availability.
Congenital Heart Disease: An Immunological Perspective
TLDR
The current knowledge coinciding CHDs with immune and inflammatory associations is addressed, emphasizing conditions where this understanding would provide clinical benefit, and challenges in studying these mechanisms.
Perioperative care of adults with Down syndrome: a narrative review
TLDR
The common pediatric co-morbidities associated with DS are described and the age-acquired manifestations are discussed and considerations for anesthetic care of the adult with DS will be presented, including the preoperative assessment, intraoperative management, and postoperative care.
Cardiovascular Prevention Among Young Adults with Congenital Heart Disease
TLDR
This review focuses on the most recent literature regarding the primary prevention of ASCVD in young ACHD patients and unique considerations for ASCVD risk reduction in ACHd patients.
New Molecular and Organelle Alterations Linked to Down Syndrome Heart Disease
TLDR
The importance of investigating how mitochondrial and lysosomal dysfunction could eventually contribute to understanding impaired heart function and development in subjects with the Hsa21 trisomy is highlighted.
In Utero Diagnoses of Strikingly Similar Presentations of Complete Atrioventricular Septal Defects in a Pair of Dizygotic Twins Concordant for Trisomy 21
TLDR
An unusual case of dizygotic twins of differing genders concordant for both Down syndrome and congenital heart disease of a strikingly similar presentation is described.
Maternal iron deficiency perturbs embryonic cardiovascular development in mice
TLDR
It is shown that maternal ID increases the severity of heart and craniofacial defects in a mouse model of Down syndrome, and it will be important to understand if the effects of maternal ID seen here in mice may have clinical implications for women.
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