Carcinoid heart disease. Clinical and echocardiographic spectrum in 74 patients.
@article{Pellikka1993CarcinoidHD, title={Carcinoid heart disease. Clinical and echocardiographic spectrum in 74 patients.}, author={Patricia A. Pellikka and Abdul J. Tajik and Buoy K. Khandheria and James B. Seward and John A. Callahan and H C Pitot and Larry K. Kvols}, journal={Circulation}, year={1993}, volume={87 4}, pages={ 1188-96 }, url={https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:1108800} }
The broad spectrum of carcinoid heart disease is detailed in this large series, which includes not only right-sided valvular lesions but also left-sided involvement, pericardial effusion, and myocardial metastases.
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It is concluded that two-dimensional echocardiography can detect the characteristic cardiac abnormalities in the carcinoid syndrome and may be a useful tool for following their progression.
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The experience suggests that curative surgery should be considered in all patients with completely resectable metastatic disease and that palliative surgery, despite the short duration of complete relief, should be considering in selected patients because it delays and may reduce the subsequent need for medical therapy.