Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) does not differentiate between benign and malignant mesothelium.

@article{Ananthanarayanan2014CarbonicAI,
  title={Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) does not differentiate between benign and malignant mesothelium.},
  author={Vijayalakshmi Ananthanarayanan and Maria S. Tretiakova and Aliya N. Husain and Thomas Krausz and Tatjana Antic},
  journal={American journal of clinical pathology},
  year={2014},
  volume={142 1},
  pages={
          82-7
        }
}
OBJECTIVES To examine carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX), a marker of renal cell carcinoma that recently has been described in malignant effusions. METHODS Pleural and peritoneal fluids with the following diagnoses-reactive (n = 23), carcinoma (n = 17), and "suspicious for mesothelioma" (n = 4)-were immunostained for CAIX, calretinin, Ber-EP4, and MOC31. A tissue microarray of epithelioid (n = 27) and sarcomatoid (n = 8) mesotheliomas and three cases of benign mesothelium were also immunostained… 
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Genomic Alterations in Undifferentiated Malignant Tumors with Rhabdoid Phenotype and Loss of BRG1 Immunoexpression Identified by Fine Needle Aspirates
TLDR
Recognizing the cytomorphology of this group of neoplasms and confirming their BRG1-deficient status by immunocytochemistry not only has prognostic implications, but may also impart potentially therapeutic value in the near future.

References

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TLDR
It is demonstrated that CAIX is sensitive for mccRCC within the lung and a novel immunohistochemical marker for mesothelial proliferations, notably mesothelioma.
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TLDR
CAIX expression is more common in clear cell RCC than other renal tumor types and is associated with grade and an association between CAIX expression and grade in primary clear cell carcinomas was found.
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TLDR
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TLDR
These guidelines are meant to be a practical reference for the pathologist and recommend that immunohistochemical markers have either sensitivity or specificity greater than 80% for the lesions in question.
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TLDR
The aim was to evaluate the utility of CAIX expression for the detection of malignant pleural effusions by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunocytochemistry.
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TLDR
Structural knowledge regarding CA isozymes offers great opportunity to explore and design inhibitors that will specifically bind to CA IX, avoid off-target binding with other CA iszymes and thus reduce side effects, according to expert opinion.
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TLDR
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TLDR
Key morphologic clues and a focused immunohistochemical panel, including CK7, α-methylacyl coenzyme A racemase (AMACR), TFE3, cathepsin K, and carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX), now allow most resected RCCs with papillary architecture and clear cells to be accurately classified.
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TLDR
Taken together, CAIX expression and VHL mutational status are able to stratify patients with clear cell RCC into distinct groups with regards to clinicopathological variables and prognosis, with low CAix expression and absence of VHL mutation being associated with a poor Clinicopathological phenotype and diminished survival.
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