Carbon source induced yeast-to-hypha transition in Candida albicans is dependent on the presence of amino acids and on the G-protein-coupled receptor Gpr1.

@article{Maidan2005CarbonSI,
  title={Carbon source induced yeast-to-hypha transition in Candida albicans is dependent on the presence of amino acids and on the G-protein-coupled receptor Gpr1.},
  author={Mykola M. Maidan and Johan M. Thevelein and Patrick van Dijck},
  journal={Biochemical Society transactions},
  year={2005},
  volume={33 Pt 1},
  pages={
          291-3
        }
}
Yeast-to-hypha transition in Candida albicans can be induced by a wide variety of factors, including specific nutrients. We have started to investigate the mechanism by which some of these nutrients may be sensed. The G-protein-coupled receptor Gpr1 is required for yeast-to-hypha transition on various solid hypha-inducing media. Recently we have shown induction of Gpr1 internalization by specific amino acids, e.g. methionine. This suggests a possible role for methionine as a ligand of CaGpr1… 
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The hypothesis that GPR-4 is coupled to GNA-1 in a cAMP signaling pathway that regulates the response to carbon source in N. crassa is supported.
GPR-4 Is a Predicted G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Required for Carbon Source-Dependent Asexual Growth and Development in <italic toggle='yes'>Neurospora crassa</italic>
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The results support the hypothesis that GPR-4 is coupled to GNA-1 in a cAMP signaling pathway that regulates the response to carbon source in N. crassa.
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It is shown that the morphogenic amino acids arginine, ornithine and proline are internalized and metabolized in mitochondria via a PUT1- and PUT2-dependent pathway that results in enhanced ATP production, indicating that mitochondrial-generated ATP, not CO2, is the primary morphogenic signal derived fromArginine metabolism.
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There is synergism between Gpr1 and Tps2 and that their combined inactivation results in complete avirulence, and combination therapy targeting both proteins may prove highly effective against pathogenic fungi with increased resistance to the currently used antifungal drugs.
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