Capsular ligament involvement in the development of mechanical hyperalgesia after facet joint loading: behavioral and inflammatory outcomes in a rodent model of pain.

@article{Lee2008CapsularLI,
  title={Capsular ligament involvement in the development of mechanical hyperalgesia after facet joint loading: behavioral and inflammatory outcomes in a rodent model of pain.},
  author={Kathryn E. Lee and Martin B. Davis and Beth A. Winkelstein},
  journal={Journal of neurotrauma},
  year={2008},
  volume={25 11},
  pages={
          1383-93
        }
}
Whiplash injury can produce pain in the neck, arm, and hand, and has been associated with inflammation. However, the relationship between inflammatory responses and pain symptoms remains unknown, hindering the development of appropriate therapeutics for whiplash symptoms. Two joint loading paradigms were used separately in an established rat model of painful cervical facet joint distraction to apply: (1) gross failure, and (2) subfailure distraction of the facet capsular ligament. Behavioral… 
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In vivo models of cervical facet injury that reproduce clinical pain symptoms have been developed and used to define the complicated and multifaceted electrophysiological, inflammatory, and nociceptive signaling cascades that are involved in the pathophysiology of whiplash facet pain.
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